| 研究生: |
柳權峰 Leou, Chung-Fung |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
進口防衛措施之研究 -以汽車產業為例 Import Safeguard Measures - Automobile Industry |
| 指導教授: |
蔡英文
Tsai, Lng-Wen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
商學院 - 國際經營與貿易學系 Department of International Business |
| 論文出版年: | 1996 |
| 畢業學年度: | 84 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 216 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 汽車業 、非關稅措施 、原產地規則 、自製率 、進口防衛措施 、共識要點 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | automobile, NTBs, rules of origin, local content, import relief, consus |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:175 下載:0 |
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本文探討的動機在於美-日或歐-日有關汽車產品存在已久的貿易摩擦,以及鉅額的貿易赤字等問題,如何有效運用進口救濟措施來達到改善上述問題的嚴重性。一般而言,汽車產業的救濟措施通常採取關稅或配額的形式,唯關稅在歷年GATT談判回合中均朝向逐年減讓的趨勢,所以其重要性在此不予討論,主要則針對汽車的配額措施,或進口數量限制以及認定汽車身分國籍的原產地規則加以論述,以期我國在未來加入GATT之時可提供政府作為汽車產業防禦措施之參考。
第壹章緒論..........1
第一節研究動機與目的..........1
第二節研究方法、範圍暨限制..........3
第三節論文架構..........4
第貳章美、歐汽車貿易設限措施及其影響..........6
第一節灰色領域措施之適法性..........6
第一目灰色領域措施之定義與特色..........7
第二目採取灰色領域措施之原因與影響..........8
第三目灰色領域措施與GATT規範之衡突..........10
第二節美國有關汽車業之非關稅貿易措施..........12
第一目汽車貿易設限措施之演進..........12
第二目自動設限措施的效果..........18
第三節美日汽車貿易爭端之解決..........23
第一目背景分析..........23
第二目美日汽車貿易摩擦之互動..........27
第三目WTO爭端解決程序所扮演角色..........28
第四節歐體有關汽車業之貿易設限措施..........30
第一目1980年代歐體設限措施..........30
第二目設限措施對歐體產業之影響(產業面分析)..........40
第三目1990年代歐體汽車貿易政策整合之影響..........46
第五節歐體與日本間汽車協議-共識要點..........51
第一目共識要點簽訂過程..........51
第二目共識要點之內容..........53
第三目對歐體-日本共識要點之檢討..........55
第六節非關稅貿易政策之經濟分析..........57
第一目一般均衡模型..........57
第二目部份均衡模型..........59
第參章原產地規則與自製率規定..........74
第一節NAFTA之原產地規則..........74
第一目NAFTA之背景、發展暨演進..........74
第二目NAFTA原產地規則之目的與分析..........81
第三目NAFTA有關汽車之原產地規則..........85
第四目北美汽車產業之影響層面..........90
第二節歐體之原產地規則..........94
第一目歐體原產地之基礎規定..........94
第二目自製率Vs原產地規則97
第三目原產地規則與特定貿易措施..........98
第三節與貿易相關之投資措施(TRIMs)..........104
第一目TRIMs概要說明..........104
第二目亞洲各國汽車自製率規定..........108
第三目建議措施..........110
第肆章進口防衛措施之選擇..........122
第一節美國進口救濟措施之運用..........123
第一目防衛條款之演進..........123
第二目1974年貿易法中之逃避條款..........124
第三目防禦措施的採行..........126
第二節歐盟進口救濟措施之運用..........128
第一目歐盟防衛救款之沿革(288/82號規則)..........128
第二目目前進口救濟之法源依據(3285/94號規則)..........131
第三節案例分析(Certain Motor Vehicle案)..........134
第一目背景介紹..........134
第二目國內產業之定義..........136
第三目因果關係..........138
第伍章國內汽車產業之調整措施..........150
第一節前言..........150
第一目GATT之緣起與基本原則..........150
第二目烏拉圭回合談判解析..........152
第二節國內現行汽車產業政策及其與GATT基本原則之探討..........154
第一目現行「汽車工業發展策略」概要..........154
第二目現行汽車工業各相關措施與GATT基本原則之探討..........157
第三節國內汽車產業供需及競爭力分析..........159
第一目供給面分析..........159
第二目需求面分析..........162
第三目市場面分析..........162
第四節加入WTO後對國內汽車產業之影響及業者因應之道..........164
第一目對國內汽車產業的影響層面..........164
第二目汽車業者因應調適之道..........170
第陸章結與建議..........176
第一節結論..........176
第二節建議..........178
附件一NAFTA第403條規定..........181
附件二之一各國汽車產業之關稅措施..........185
附件二之二各國汽車產業之非關稅措施..........187
附件三汽車工業發展策略(核定本)..........190
參考文獻..........196
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