近年來，全球汽車產業受到電動車轉型、COVID-19 疫情、半導體短缺、俄烏戰爭、能源價格波動與地緣政治風險等因素影響，供應鏈結構已由過去以成本效率為主的全球化配置，轉向兼顧供應穩定性、風險分散與區域韌性的重組模式。在此背景下，汽車製造商如何調整其供應商組合與供應來源配置，是理解全球汽車供應鏈重組的核心議題。
本研究以 Volkswagen 為研究個案，運用 Bloomberg 供應鏈資料庫之供應商資料，分析其 2016 年至 2025 年間供應商結構與供應商國家分布之變化。研究方法上，採用 Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) 作為集中度衡量指標，分別計算供應商層級 HHI 與供應商國家層級 HHI，藉以確立 Volkswagen 在近十年間供應商集中化、國家來源集中化或供應鏈分散化之具體趨勢。此外，本研究亦將 HHI 變化結果與Volkswagen 重大併購活動、電動車轉型、半導體採購策略調整及外部地緣政治事件進行對照，進而闡明其供應鏈結構變化之核心驅動機制。
研究結果顯示，Volkswagen 近十年的供應商 HHI 整體維持在低度集中水準，證實其外部供應商結構並未高度依賴少數特定供應商，而是維持多供應商並行的供應模式。然而，進一步分析發現，供應商國家 HHI 自 2022 年後呈現顯著下降趨勢，且法國、韓國等國家供應商的重要性隨之提升，反映 Volkswagen 的供應鏈已由傳統德國中心結構，轉向更具跨國分散特徵的配置。
綜合而言，本研究證實 Volkswagen 近十年的供應鏈重組並非單純表現為供應商數量增加或集中度下降，而是呈現「分散化與策略集中並存」的結構特徵。一方面，Volkswagen 透過多供應商結構降低對單一企業的依賴；另一方面，面對電動車、電池與半導體等關鍵技術重要性的提升，其與特定關鍵供應商或特定國家供應來源建立了更緊密的合作關係。本研究透過供應商 HHI 與供應商國家 HHI 的雙層次分析，具體呈現大型跨國車廠供應鏈重組的結構性變化，並提供後續研究分析汽車產業供應鏈韌性與地緣政治風險之實證參考。

The global automotive industry has experienced major supply chain restructuring due to electric vehicle transition, semiconductor shortages, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, and rising geopolitical risks. These multidimensional shocks have driven automakers to shift their purchasing logic from cost-efficiency toward supply stability, risk diversification, and regional resilience.
This study examines Volkswagen as a case study and analyzes its supplier structure from 2016 to 2025. Utilizing supplier data from Bloomberg's supply chain database, this study applies the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) at two distinct levels: the individual supplier level and the supplier-country level. To systematically explain the underlying drivers of these concentration patterns, the temporal fluctuations of both HHIs are aligned with Volkswagen's major corporate actions—such as mergers and acquisitions, semiconductor procurement reforms, and electric vehicle transitions—as well as external geopolitical events. This comparative approach establishes a clear causal linkage between strategic decisions, external shocks, and supply chain structural adjustments.
The findings demonstrate that Volkswagen's supplier-level HHI remained consistently low throughout the research period, confirming that the automaker maintains a highly diversified supplier network to avoid over-reliance on individual firms. Meanwhile, analysis of the supplier-country-level HHI reveals a baseline geographic concentration in traditional automotive manufacturing hubs. Crucially, however, the supplier-country HHI initiated a definitive decline after 2022, accompanied by a prominent rise in the share of suppliers from
France and South Korea. This trajectory verifies a strategic shift from a Germany-centric sourcing structure toward a geographically decentralized, multi-regional configuration.
Overall, Volkswagen's supply chain restructuring establishes a dual pattern of general diversification coupled with strategic technological concentration. While Volkswagen decentralizes traditional components to mitigate geographic risks, it simultaneously deepens strategic alliances with key suppliers in crucial domains like batteries and semiconductors. This dual-level framework quantitatively maps the restructuring path of a major automaker, offering empirical insights for global supply chain resilience research.

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