| 研究生: |
陳芬英 Chen, Fen-ying |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
上限型股權連結保本票券之評價、避險和風險控管 Valuation, Hedge and Risk Management of Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes |
| 指導教授: |
廖四郎
Liao, Szu-lang |
| 學位類別: |
博士
Doctor |
| 系所名稱: |
商學院 - 金融學系 Department of Money and Banking |
| 論文出版年: | 2006 |
| 畢業學年度: | 93 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 65 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 上限型股權連結保本票券 、Delta 跳躍 、調整因子 、路徑依賴 、平賭過程評價法 、避險策略 、風險值 、股價波動度之預測 、風險控管 、匯率風險 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Capped equity-linked and principal-protected note, Delta jump, Adjustable factor, Forecast of volatility of stock price |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:114 下載:26 |
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本論文含蓋三篇文章,分別從評價、避險和風險控管三方面,分析上限型股權連結保本票券。
第一篇文章為上限型股權連結保本票券之設計、評價和比較。本文考量投資人保守的投資行為與設限型股權連結票券所存在的delta跳躍(delta jump)現象,延伸Brennan and Schwartz (1976)模型,提出一個能在股價波動之際,使發行的避險部位delta呈現平滑變動且兼具保本(protected principal)功用的一般化模型(general form)。相較於一般的設限型股權連結保本模型,本模型具有以下特色。第一,加入股價成長率的調整因子(adjustable factor),當景氣低靡,股價不停下跌時,正的調整因子可減緩股價下滑之勢,進而增加投資人在票券到期日時獲取更多資本利得(capital gain)的機會。同時,調整因子縮小了當期股價成長率與股價上限成長率(capped stock growth rate)之間的差距,繼而減緩delta 跳躍的幅度,降低發行者的避險成本。並且在HJM利率模型下,delta隨股價與股價波動度的變化更顯平滑(smooth)。第二,在保本率(protection rate)和參與率 (participation rate)不變之下,本模型的期初合理價格(fair price)較低,投資人能以較低的成本取得同等的投資保障。第三,若將本票券的名目面額(notional principal)視作共同基金(mutual fund)的淨值(net value),而該淨值與股價連動,則本模型即成為股權連結的保本型基金(principal-protected fund)。
第二篇文章是路徑依賴之上限型股權連結保本模型之評價和風險測量。該文是擴展Brennan and Schwartz (1976)模型發展一個路徑依賴之上限型股權連結保本模型,並且提出一個比二元數模型更精確的封閉解。此外,也對七個時間序列進行股價波動度之精確檢定,得知AR-ARCH(1)模型對上限型股權連結保本票券而言,較其它時間序列模型,更能有效估計股價之波動度。
第二篇文章是外國資產的風險管理。目前在國內金融市場上,國外金融商品很多,大都以外幣計價,因此匯率風險是投資人不可忽視的因子。本文拓展Kupiec(1999)模型,將匯率風險加入模型中,使投資人更有效進行風險管理。
This thesis studies valuation, hedge and risk management of capped equity-linked and principal-protected notes by means of the following essays:
(1) Design, Valuation and Comparison of Capped Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes
(2) Valuation and Risk Measurement of Capped Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes with Path Dependence
(3) Risk Management of Foreign Assets
Capped equity-linked and principal-protected notes are similar with barrier options. There exists delta jump as stock price or growth rate reaches the barrier. But previous studies about equity-linked and principal-protected notes with a restricted growth rate of stock price never explicitly discussed how the delta jump could be solved. In my first essay, I present a new design for capped equity-linked and principal-protected notes and add an adjustable factor to growth rate of stock price in such a way that the adjustable factor narrows the gap between the current stock growth rate and the capped stock growth rate and thus really reduces the magnitude of the delta jump and hence lowers the hedging cost for brokers.
Recently, the focus of previous studies about principal-protected notes has been on either the restriction on the rate of stock return or the path dependence on the underlying asset, but not both in the same context. In my second essay, I develop a model on the capped, equity-linked and principal-protected notes with path dependence. There are two issues in this article. The first issue is valuation on the capped, equity-linked and principal-protected notes with path dependence. I find a closed-form approximation using the 2nd-order Taylor approximation and the method of Vorst (1992) that has higher accuracy than binomial tree model as maturity time or volatility becomes large. The second issue is risk measurement. I use VaR model to evaluate market risk of the principal-protected notes, and employ seven univariate time series models to forecast volatility and examine the accuracy.
Additionally, investors may well encounter potential loss as the prices of financial products are reduced in the secondary market. The VaR is mainly concerned with the downside risk and becomes a standard measure of financial market risk that is increasingly used by investors. But if we want to apply 〝textbook〞formulation to risk management of foreign assets, there leaves exchange rate risk out of consideration. Therefore, I extend the work by Kupiec (1999) to present VaR formula with exchange rate risk for foreign assets and then to manage market risk usefully.
Chapter 1 Foreword 1
Chapter 2 Design, Valuation and Comparison of Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Model Formulation and Valuation
2.2.1 Model Formulation 6
2.2.2 A Valuation on CEPPN 8
2.3 Hedging Strategy with the CEPP Notes
2.3.1 Hedging Mechanism in the Constant Interest Rate Model 11
2.3.2 Hedging Mechanism in the Stochastic Interest Rate Model 12
2.4 A Numerical Analysis of CEPPN
2.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis 13
2.4.2 Comparative Analysis 14
2.5 Conclusion 16
Appendix 23
Chapter 3 Valuation and Risk Measurement of Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes with Path Dependence
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Valuation on Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes with Path Dependence
3.2.1 Model Formulation 31
3.2.2 Martingale Valuation 32
3.2.3 Numerical Evaluations 37
3.3. Risk Measurement
3.3.1 Measurement and Implication of VaR 41
3.3.2 Tests of In-sample Model Performance 43
3.4 Conclusion 45
Appendix 46
Chapter 4 Risk Management of Foreign Assets
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 VaR with Foreign Exchange Risk
4.2.1 Assumptions and Model Formulation 49
4.2.2Comparison with VaRs with Exchange Rate Risk and without Exchange Rate Risk 50
4.3 Numerical Evaluations 53
4.4 Conclusion 54
Chapter 5 Conclusion 56
Reference 58
Contents
Abstract
Chapter 1 Foreword 1
Chapter 2 Design, Valuation and Comparison of Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Model Formulation and Valuation
2.2.1 Model Formulation 6
2.2.2 A Valuation on CEPPN 8
2.3 Hedging Strategy with the CEPP Notes
2.3.1 Hedging Mechanism in the Constant Interest Rate Model 11
2.3.2 Hedging Mechanism in the Stochastic Interest Rate Model 12
2.4 A Numerical Analysis of CEPPN
2.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis 13
2.4.2 Comparative Analysis 14
2.5 Conclusion 16
Appendix 23
Chapter 3 Valuation and Risk Measurement of Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes with Path Dependence
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Valuation on Capped, Equity-linked and Principal-protected Notes with Path Dependence
3.2.1 Model Formulation 31
3.2.2 Martingale Valuation 32
3.2.3 Numerical Evaluations 37
3.3. Risk Measurement
3.3.1 Measurement and Implication of VaR 41
3.3.2 Tests of In-sample Model Performance 43
3.4 Conclusion 45
Appendix 46
Chapter 4 Risk Management of Foreign Assets
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 VaR with Foreign Exchange Risk
4.2.1 Assumptions and Model Formulation 49
4.2.2Comparison with VaRs with Exchange Rate Risk and without Exchange Rate Risk 50
4.3 Numerical Evaluations 53
4.4 Conclusion 54
Chapter 5 Conclusion 56
Reference 58
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