當代社會中，青少年過渡至成年初期的身心狀況問題日益受到全球關注。青少年在此階段通常面臨高度的心理壓力與適應挑戰，而其成年後的心理困擾往往可追溯至青少年時期的家庭經驗。本研究運用「臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（TEPS-B）」進行縱貫性分析，探討青少年時期父母教養行為對其成年初期身心健康狀況的長期影響。

研究結果顯示，青少年時期經歷較高程度的專制權威教養，將著增加成年初期身心症狀的發生頻率。性別差異的分析亦發現，兒子與女兒在父母教養情境下有不同的經驗：男性較多經歷來自父親的監督控制與專制權威，女性則更多經驗來自母親的監督控制與專制權威。這些結果支持在對待不同性別子女時會採取不同的教養策略，從而形成各自獨特的教養體驗。此外，研究亦指出母親的教養影響普遍高於父親，特別是比較嚴厲的教養行為，對子女的身心健康狀況具有更為顯著且延續性的影響。

本研究強調家庭教養對青少年身心發展的長期性影響，並揭示性別在其中的重要角色。研究成果不僅為家庭教育與心理健康促進提供實證依據，也建議未來政策與實務應發展更具性別敏感性與跨時代的支持策略，以培養青少年的心理韌性，並為其健康的成年生活奠定基礎。

In contemporary society, the mental and physical health of adolescents transitioning into early adulthood has increasingly become a global concern. During this stage, adolescents often face high levels of psychological stress and adaptive challenges, and many of their later psychological difficulties can often be traced back to family experiences during adolescence. This study employs longitudinal data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond （TEPS-B） to examine the long-term impact of parental parenting practices during adolescence on individuals’ mental and physical health in early adulthood.

The findings indicate that experiencing higher levels of authoritarian parenting during adolescence significantly increases the likelihood of developing mental and physical health symptoms in early adulthood. Analyses of gender differences further reveal that sons and daughters have different experiences in the parenting context: males are more likely to experience paternal monitoring and authoritarian control, while females are more likely to experience maternal monitoring and authoritarian control. These results support the view that parents tend to adopt different parenting strategies toward children of different genders, thereby shaping distinct parenting experiences. In addition, the study shows that maternal influence is generally greater than paternal influence, particularly in the case of harsher parenting practices, which exert more significant and enduring effects on children’s mental and physical health.

This study underscores the long-term impact of parenting practices on adolescent development and highlights the crucial role of gender in these processes. The findings not only provide empirical evidence for family education and mental health promotion but also suggest that future policies and practices should develop more gender-sensitive and cross-generational support strategies to foster adolescents’ psychological resilience and lay a stronger foundation for a healthy adult life.

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