本研究以奈及利亞為案例，深入比較與分析歐盟與中國兩種具代表性的國際發展合作模式及其在奈及利亞的實踐與影響。研究首先從歷史脈絡與制度設計切入，指出歐盟的發展合作模式源於其區域一體化進程與規則導向的對外政策傳統，自《巴黎條約》《羅馬條約》到《洛美協定》及《科托努協定》，歐盟逐步建構起以多邊主義、法治、人權與永續發展為核心的合作架構。透過「全球門戶」計畫，歐盟在奈及利亞強調民主治理、社會包容、綠色轉型與數位基礎設施建設，並將透明度、責任制與治理改革作為合作前提，試圖藉此形塑全球發展規範與治理規則。

相對地，中國的發展合作模式深受其近代歷史、發展道路與政治經濟體制影響，以「南南合作」理念為基礎，強調互利共贏、不干涉內政與合作靈活性。中國透過「一帶一路」倡議，聚焦於交通、能源、數位與產業基礎建設的融資與建設，並在奈及利亞積極推動工業園區、高速公路、港口與機場等大型基建項目，以快速提升該國硬體條件與工業化水準。儘管此模式為奈及利亞提供了迫切所需的資金與技術，但亦引發國際社會對債務可持續性、透明度與環境社會影響的質疑。

本研究發現，歐盟與中國的合作模式分別體現了「制度規範導向」與「基礎建設導向」兩種不同的發展邏輯與國際角色定位。歐盟重視價值共識與治理改革，以發展合作作為對外政策與全球治理的一環；中國則專注於硬體建設與經濟互聯互通，為全球南方國家提供不附加政治條件的合作選項。兩者在奈及利亞的發展合作實踐，不僅彰顯其不同的理念與策略，也為奈及利亞提供多元化的發展選擇與談判空間。未來，若歐中雙方能在特定領域發揮互補優勢，尋求協調合作，將有助於提升奈及利亞發展合作的效能與永續性，並為全球發展合作帶來更多包容性與創新性可能。

This study takes Nigeria as a case to illustrate an in-depth comparison, analysis of the European Union (EU) and China’s distinctive international development cooperation models, their practices and impacts in Nigeria. The research starts from a review of historical context and institutional design, and indicates that the EU’s development cooperation model stems from its conventions of regional integration and rule-oriented external policy. From the 《Treaty of Paris》and《Treaty of Rome》to《the Lomé Convention and Cotonou Agreement》, the EU has gradually established a framework for cooperation, which is based on multilateralism, rule of law, human rights, and sustainable development. Through the Global Gateway initiative, the EU emphasizes democratic governance, social inclusion, green transition, and digital infrastructure development in Nigeria, premising cooperation on transparency, accountability, and governance reform to help shape global development norms and governance rules.

In contrast, China’s development cooperation model is deeply shaped by its modern historical experience, development trajectory, and political-economic system. Based on the principles of South-South cooperation, it emphasizes mutual benefit, non-interference in internal affairs, and flexible partnerships. Through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China focuses on financing and building transport, energy, digital, and industrial infrastructure, actively promoting large-scales projects such as industrial parks, highways, harbors, and airports in Nigeria to rapidly enhance the national physical infrastructure and level of industrialization. Despite the fact that this model provides urgent-needed capital and technology to Nigeria, it has also raised international concerns regarding debt sustainability, transparency, and social-environmental impacts.

The findings reveal that the EU and China represent two distinct paradigms in development cooperation. The EU’s model emphasizes rule-based governance and value-driven reformations as part of its external policy and global governance agenda. China’s approach focuses on infrastructure development and economic connectivity, offering partner countries cooperative options without political conditions. Their practices in Nigeria not only reflect these different philosophies and strategies but also provide Nigeria with diversified developmental choices and space of negotiation. In the future, if the EU and China can leverage their complementary strengths and seek coordinated cooperation in specific areas, it will enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of Nigeria’s development cooperation, bringing more inclusive and innovative possibilities for global development.

一、專書（Books）
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二、專書章節（Book Chapters）
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三、期刊論文（Journal Articles）
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四、網路資料（Web Resources）
ActionAid Nigeria. (2025, April 28). Statement on World Bank’s Poverty Projections for Nigeria. https://www.actionaid.org/nigeria/media-centre
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五、報紙與新聞（News Reports）
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六、官方出版品與政策報告（Official Reports & Policy Papers）
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