無

The impact that automation and the introduction of new technologies have on employment has been a subject of study for decades. Technological advances throughout history have deeply altered the employment structure of economies in all parts of the world. Since the first industrial revolution in 1760, workers began to question and somewhat fear the introduction of technologies that would automate tasks and even eliminate entire jobs.
The focus of this research lies in evaluating the effects automation has had on the manufacturing industry of Honduras. In order to achieve this, a number of quantitative and qualitative sources of data were evaluated. These include studies and researches on the topics of automation, employment and reshaping of skills, reports and statistics on Honduras macroeconomic data as well as employment trends and impact of foreign investment. Finally, an interview was conducted with an expert in technology implementations to gain a first-hand perspective in the subject of automation in Honduras.
After the evaluation of this data, the following key results were obtained: A gradual transition into more deeply automated manufacturing plants in Honduras is expected in the long run. For now, the country’s low labor costs act as a cost-effective way for international companies to continue manufacturing their products. Developed countries with higher levels of education will not be severely affected by automation. These countries have a larger number of workers who possess higher skill levels and whose jobs are not easily automatable. Underdeveloped economies like Honduras should stress the implementation of policies that will enhance their population’s skills and education levels, these policies should serve to enhance the quality of life at all levels of society.

Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Paris: OECD Social, Employment and Migration WorkingPapers, No. 189, OECD Publishing.
Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2012). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston.
Bhaskar, R. (2010). Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary. New York: Routledge.
Brown, J. D. (2001). Using Surveys in Language Programs. Cambridge University Press.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business Research Methods. Oxford University Press.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Digital Frontier Press.
Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2018, March 15). BEA: U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved from https://www.bea.gov/help/faq/1246
Carr, N. (2014). The Glass Cage: Automation and Us. W. W. Norton & Company.
Central America Data. (2019, February 14). Central America Data Business Information. Retrieved from Trade Intelligence by Central America Data: https://www.centralamericadata.com/en/article/home/Curbing_Attraction_of_Foreign_Investment
Cowen, T. (2011). The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better. Dutton Adult.
Deutsche Welle. (2019, April 29). Retrieved from Germany's Labor Costs: https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-labor-costs-above-eu-average/a-48526071
Economy Watch. (2010, June 29). Economy Watch. Retrieved from World Industries: http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/manufacturing/?page=full
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2019). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from Technology & Automation: https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-automation
Export Enterprises SA. (2019, May). Import Export Solutions Societe Generale. Retrieved from Honduras: Country Risk: https://import-export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/honduras/investment-country-risk
Fisher, A., Clark, C., & Fourastiè, J. (1939). Three-Sector Economic Model.
Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. J. (2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerization? University of Oxford.
Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Groover, M. (2006). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons.
History.com Editors. (2019, May 18). Retrieved from HISTORY: https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolution
Ho, D. (2006). The focus group interview: Rising the challenge in qualitative research methodology. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics.
Honduras Central Bank. (2017). Informe de Bienes para Transformacion y Actividades Conexas - Anual 2017 Perspectivas 2018-2019. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.
Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Comercio Exterior de Bienes para Transformacion (Maquila) - Al IV Trimestre 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.
Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Flujos de Inversion Extranjera Directa al IV Trimestre de 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.
Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Memoria Anual 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.
Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Producto Interno Bruto Trimestral IV Trimestre 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.
Honduras National Institute of Statistics. (2018). Informe Poblacion Economicamente Activa 2009-2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras National Institute of Statistics.
Honduras Presidential House. (2016, February). Honduras Presidential House Portal. Retrieved from Government: https://www.presidencia.gob.hn/index.php/gob/casa-presidencial/honduras-20-20
Honduras Presidential House. (2016, February). National Program Honduras 20/20. Press Release. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
International Society of Automation. (2018). ISA. Retrieved from About Automation: https://www.isa.org/about-isa/what-is-automation/
Kenton, W. (2019, April 09). Investopedia. Retrieved from Terms: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gross-value-added.asp
Keynes, J. M. (1930). Economic Possibilities of Our Grandchildren. New York.
Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2004). The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market. Princeton University Press.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2017). A Future That Works: Automation, Employment and Productivity. San Francisco: McKinsey & Company.
Novikov, A. M., & Novikov, D. A. (2013). Research Methodology: From Philosophy of Science to Research Design. CRC Press.
Occupational Information Network (O*NET). (2019, May). O*NET Resource Center. Retrieved from A U.S. Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration developed product: https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html
Olson, A. (2009, December 03). Yahoo! News. Retrieved from "Ousted Honduran leader is trapped with few options": http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091203/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_honduras_coup
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Retrieved from About OECD: https://www.oecd.org/about/
Oxbridge Essays. (2017, June 9). Retrieved from How to do your dissertation secondary research in 4 steps: https://www.oxbridgeessays.com/blog/how-to-dissertation-secondary-research-4-steps/
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). PwC Global. Retrieved from Global Annual Review 2018: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/about/global-annual-review-2018.html
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). Will robots really steal our jobs? An international analysis of the potential long term impact of automation. London: PwC Economics.
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2019, February 03). Tax Summaries: PwC. Retrieved from PwC Web Site: http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/ID/Honduras-Overview
Rifkin, J. (1995). The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-market Era. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
Saunders, M. L. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students. New York: Pearson Education Limited.
Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. London: Harper & Brothers.
Shaiken, H. (1984). Automation in Industry: Bleaching the Blue Collar: Computerization can increase workers' output, but it may also distance product designers from assembly and process requirements. IEEE, 79.
Wage Indicators. (2019). Retrieved from Wages in Honduras in effect 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2019: https://wageindicator.org/salary/minimum-wage/honduras/archive/minimum-wages-in-honduras-with-effect-from-01-01-2019-to-31-12-2019
Walsham, G. (1993). Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Wilson, J. (2010). Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project. SAGE Publications.
World Bank. (2019, April 04). Country Overview: Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/honduras/overview#1
Zuboff, S. (1989). In The Age Of The Smart Machine: The Future Of Work And Power. Basic Books.