跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃稽興
Huang, Chi-shing
論文名稱: 創意策略教學在高中英文作文上的應用
The Use of Invention Strategies in Teaching EFL Senior High School Students' Compositions
指導教授: 林啟一
Lin, Chi-yee
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 外國語文學院 - 英語教學碩士在職專班
The Master of Arts in English Teaching
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 67
中文關鍵詞: 創意策略教學第二外語高中英作文
外文關鍵詞: invention strategy, EFL composition teaching
相關次數: 點閱:131下載:113
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 雖然從一九六Ο年代中期開始,英作文教學法已有不同程度的發展,如Maxine Hairston 所指稱的「作文教學法的革命」,但多數第二外語的英作文仍沿用作品成果取向(product-oriented)而非過程取向(process-oriented)。
    在本研究□,運用目前「過程取向」中的創意策略教學來探討它在第二外語寫作教學上的成效。研究的目的在於回答下列問題: (一) 創意策略教學是否能幫助學生在寫作上有創意、有構思、有想像?(二) 創意策略教學是否會減弱學生在字彙、語言使用及標點符號的能力?(三) 創意策略教學是否能增強學生在作文組織結構方面的能力?(四) 創意策略教學是否能增進第二外語學生的整體寫作能力。
    本研究從二ΟΟ二年九月開始至二ΟΟ四年六月結束,而共有七十二位社會組高中同學參與作文教學課程。前測及後測作品各有九十一篇。評分準則分成下列五項:內容、結構、字彙、語文使用和標點符號。
    研究結果簡略歸納如下:(一) 學生因創意策略運用,更能有效構思取材而激發想像力;(二) 創意策略教學不會減弱學生在字彙、語言使用及標點符號的能力;(三) 創意策略教學未必能增強學生在作文組織結構方面的能力;(四) 創意策略教學確能有效提昇學生整體的英文寫作能力。
    從研究中發現,應用創意策略教學確能增進學生的英作文寫作能力。


    In the mid-1960s, the pedagogy of composition has had a different progress, which Maxine Hairston (1982) labeled it as the revolution of the teaching of writing, yet most of the EFL composition writings are still product-oriented rather than process-oriented.
    In this study the current process approach writing, that is, the use of invention strategies is used to examine and compare its effects on EFL high school English writing. The aim of the study is to explore and answer the following questions: (1) Can invention strategies be used to help student-writers generate ideas, gather information and ignite imagination in their writing? (2) Will student-writers' abilities in the use of vocabulary, language use and mechanics be lessened by the use of invention strategies? (3) Can invention strategies be used to help student-writers strengthen the organization of their writing? (4) Will EFL students' overall writing performances improve through the instruction of invention skills?
    The study was conducted from Sept, 2002 to June, 2004, and a total of 72 11-grade senior high school students from social science program participated in the research. There were 182 pieces of students composition writings paired and graded. The criteria of scoring were categorized into five parts: content, organization, vocabulary, language use and mechanics.
    The results are summarized as follows:(1) Invention strategies can help student-writers generate ideas, gather information and ignite imagination in their writing. (2) Student-writers' abilities in the use of vocabulary, language use and mechanics will not be lessened by the use of invention strategies. (3) Invention strategies cannot necessarily help student-writers improve the organization of their writing? (4) Overall, invention strategies can significantly improve the EFL students’writing performances. Besides, EFL student-writers also got the highest average grades in content part. In other words, the students-writers will enrich the content of their compositions through the use of instruction of invention strategies. Judging from the findings, student-writers as well as the writing teachers will gain benefits from the use of invention strategies.

    Page
    Acknowledgement……………………………………………………… iii
    List of Tables………………………… …………………………… vii
    List of Figures …………………………………………………… viii
    Chinese Abstract …………………………………………………… ix
    English Abstract …………………………………………………… x

    Chapter
    1. Introduction……………………………………………… 1
    1.1 Background of the Study…………………… ……… 1
    1.2 Motivation and Goal …………………… …………… 3
    1.3 Purpose of the Study ………………………………… 4
    1.4 Significance of the Study ………………………… 4
    1.5 Research Questions ………………………………… 5
    1.6 Definition of the Terms ………………… ………… 6

    2. Literature Review……………………………………… 9
    2.1 The Model of Written Product………………………… 9
    2.2 The Shift of Writing Paradigm……………………… 10
    2.3 The Beginning of Process Writing…………………… 11
    2.4 The Use of Invention Strategies …………………… 12
    2.5 The Classification of Invention Strategies……… 12
    2.6 The Use of Invention Strategies in EFL Writing …13
    2.6.1 Brainstorming………………………………………………14
    2.6.2 (Focused) Free Writing………………………………… 15
    2.6.3 Listing………………………………………………………15
    2.6.4 Journal Writing……………………………………………16
    2.7 The Grading of Invention Strategies…………………17
    2.8 Limitations of Invention Strategies…………………17

    3. Research Method……………………………………………19
    3.1 Subjects…………………………………………………… 19
    3.2 Materials……………………………………………………20
    3.3 Procedure………………………………………………… 21
    3.3.1 Stage1:Reading………………………………………… 21
    3.3.2 Stage2:Pre-test Writing……………………………… 22
    3.3.3 Stage3:Invention Strategy Teaching…………………22
    3.3.4 Stage4:Post-test Writing…………………………… 26
    3.4 Data Analysis…………………………………………… 26

    4. Results………………………………………………………29
    4.1 Students Performance in the Pre-test Writing…… 30
    4.2 Students Performance in the Post-test Writing……30
    4.3 The Comparison of Changes between Pre-test and
    Post-test……………………………………………………31
    4.4 Answers to Research Questions…………………………33

    5. Discussion……………………………………………… 36
    5.1 Summary of the Major Findings……………………… 36
    5.2 Pedagogical Implications…………………………… 37
    5.2.1 A Solid Foundation of English Proficiency……… 38
    5.2.2 The Knowledge of Writing Expertise……………… 39
    5.2.3 The Positive Attitudes Towards
    Composition Writing………………………………………40
    5.3 The Limitations of This Study …………………… 40
    5.4 Suggestions for Future Studies……………………… 41

    References ………………………………………………………… 43

    Appendixes…………………………………………………………… 47
    A. A List of Abbreviation for Correction …………… 47
    B. An Error Check List…………………………………… 48
    C. Examples of Graded Composition
    Counterpart Writings…………………………………… 49
    D. Composition Writing Examples
    by the Use of Brainstorming……………………………56
    E. Some Excerpts of Participant Students
    Journal Writing……………………………………………65

    List of Tables
    page
    Table 3.4 The Grading Scale of Composition Writings………26
    Table 4.0 Average Scores of Pre-test Writings…………… 29
    Table 4.2 Average Scores of Post-test Writings…………… 30
    Table 4.3 Changes of Grades
    between Pre-test and Post-test…………………… 31

    List of Figures
    page
    Figure 4.3 The Graph of Grade Changes Between
    Pre-test and Post-test…………………………………32

    Bates, Linda., Lane, Janet., and Lange, Ellen. (1993).
    Writing Clearly. Massachusetts : Heinle & Heinle.
    Brown, H. Doughlas. (2001). Teaching by Pictures.
    New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
    Brown, H. Doughlas. (2001). Teaching by Principles : An
    Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York:
    Longman.
    Clen, Chin-chen. (1983). “ Grammatical knowledge and Errors in
    Written Composition.” Proceedings of the Second
    Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the
    Republic of China. Taipei: Crane. 253-257.
    Chen, Hsiu-chieh. (1988).”Computer-Assisted Writing in Taiwan:
    Methods and Perspectives.” Proceedings of the Fifth
    Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the
    Republic of China. Taipei: Crane. 173-191.
    Chen, Lih-mei. (2000). “ Portions in Second/Foreign Language
    Classroom Assessment. “ English Teaching& Learning. 25
    (2), 28-41.
    Hairston, M. (1982). “The Winds of Change: Thomas Kuhn and the
    Revolution in the Teaching of Writing.” College
    Composition and Communication, 33(1), 76-88.
    Harmer, Jeremy. (1999). The Practice of English Language
    Teaching. New York : Longman.,
    Huang, Li-miau. (1997). “ A Case Study on Using Writing
    Conference and Peer-group Review in Teaching Composition
    in Senior High school.”Proceedings of the Sixth
    International Symposium on English Teaching. Taipei:
    Crane. 265-281.
    Hudelson, Sarah. (1989). Write On Children Writing in ESL New
    Jersey : Prentice Hall Regents.
    Hughey, Jane B., Wormuth, Deanna R., Hartfiel, V. Faye., and
    Jacobs, Holly L., (1983). Teaching ESL composition :
    Principles and Techniques. Massachusetts : Newbury House.
    Huang, T. L. (1988). Performance Analysis and Teaching EFL
    Composition. Taipei: Crane.
    Kroll, Barbara. (1991). “ Teaching Writing in the ESL
    context.” In Marianne Celce-Muricia (Eds.),Teaching
    English as a Second or Foreign Language (pp.245-263).
    Massachusetts : Heinle & Heinle.
    Li, Chen-ching. (1992). Breaking the Barrier of ESL Writing.
    Taipei : Crane.
    Liou, Hsien-chin. (1995). “On-line and Off-line Computer
    Assisted Writing Revision. “ Proceedings of the Ninth
    Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the
    Republic of China. Taipei: Crane. 463-523.
    Morenberg, Max., Sommers, Jeff., Donald A., and Kerek, Andrew.
    (1999). The Writer’s Options : lessons in Style and
    Arrangement. New York : Longman.
    Nunan, David. (1999). Second Language Teaching & Learning.
    Massachusetts : Heinle & Learning.
    Petton, Joy Kreeft. (1994). “ Implementing Writing Workshop
    With ESOL Students:Vision and Realities.” TESOL
    Quarterly, 28(3), 469-487.
    Reid, Joy M. (1993). Teaching ESL Writing. New Jersey: Prentice
    Hall Regents.
    Reid, Joy M. (1994). The Process of Paragraph Writing. New
    Jersey : Prentice Hall Regents.
    Reid, Joy M. (1996). Basic Writing. New Jersey : Prentice Hall
    Regents.
    Silva, Tony. (1993). “ The ESL Research and Its
    Implications.” TESOL Quarterly, 27(4), 657-677.Silverman,
    Jay., Hughes, Elaine, and Weinbroer, Diana Roberts.(1990).
    Rules of Thumbs. New York : Mcgrow-Hill
    Spack, Ruth. (1984).”Invention Strategies and the ESL College
    Composition Student.” TESOL Quartely, 18(4), 649-670.
    Taylor, Barry P. (1976). “ Teaching Composition to Low-level
    ESL Students.” TESOL Quarterly, 10(3), 309-320.
    Tsui, A.B.M. (1999). “ Young ESL Writers’ Responses to Peer
    and Teacher Comments in Writing.“ Proceedings of the
    Eighth Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the
    Republic of China. Taipei: Crane. 95-109.
    Tung, Chi-an. (1996). “ The Teaching of Basic Writing: A More
    Effective Approach.” Proceedings of the twelfth
    Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the
    Republic of China. Taipei: Crane. 363-379.
    Uruza, Carole. (1987). “ You Stopped Too Soon: Second Language
    Children Composing and Revising.” TESOL Quarterly, 21
    (2), 279-305.
    Wang, Hsu Samuel et al. (1995). “ Intelligent CALL for EFL
    Writing Courseware Development and Evaluation."
    Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on English Teaching
    and Learning in the Republic of China. Taipei: Crane.
    443-464.
    Witbeck, Michael C. (1976). “ Peer Correction Procedures for
    Intermediate and Advanced ESL Composition Lessons.” TESOL
    Quarterly, 10(3), 321-326.
    Winer, Lise. (1992). “Spinach to Chocolate: Changing Awareness
    and Attitudes in ESL Writing Teachers.” TESOL Quarterly,
    26(1), 57-79.
    Wright, Andrew. (1989) Pictures for Language Learning. New
    York: Cambridge.
    Yi, Ching-ching. (1997). “ Successful Cooperation in EFL
    Teaching: A Case Study in Writing.” Proceedings of the
    Ninth Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the
    Republic of China. Taipei: Crane. 253-271.
    Zamel, Vivian. (1980). “ Re-evaluating Sentence-Combing
    Practice.” TESOL Quarterly, 14(1), 81-90.

    QR CODE
    :::