放眼七○與八○年代之交的國際體系，全球權力漸呈兩極多元型態，而體系本身亦同時進行著整合與分解的過程，撲朔迷離，方興未艾，充滿了諸般極端不穩定的因素。種種尖銳、突兀的國際政治、經濟現象，在在說明了當前的國際關係，與吾人一向熟稔的戰後全球秩序，已大異其趣矣！過去十年裡，國際權力的分配與消長狀況如是之鉅，囘顧一九七○年代，不啻全盤世局根本演變之轉捩階段！
美國以一介超強，高踞自由陣營之領導地位，一言一行，一舉一止，莫不動人耳目，故國內研究戰後美國外交政策的論述，可謂俯拾皆是。中南半島一役，美國元氣大傷，終七○年代，「權力無能」之事實信而有徵，以「和解」替代「對抗」，以「相互依存」替代「權力平衡」等等，槪屬過去十年來外交的範疇裡，主動或被動之政策調整，學者、專家就這方面，也頗多發揮。職是之故，美國一手締造了二次戰後世界政治與經濟的結構，其外交政策影響當代之國際關係旣深且遠，固不待言；而吾人欲窮今天國際關係之因果原委，亦非從檢視七○年代之美國外交政策不為功。
至於美援政策，乃美國外交政策的一項重要層面，亦屬歷屆美國政府外交作業裡不能或缺的一環，可惜的是，國內研究美援與美國外交政策關係之作品殊為有限。吾人須知，七○年代的美援政策，隨者客觀形勢的需要，也急遽改變了其涵義與具體施為，扮演著一個截然異於往昔的角色，不容輕忽。復由於七○年代石油危機的衝擊，經濟工具如美援者，做為主權國家實踐外交政策一種極具彈性的手段，再度引起密切的注意。有鑑於此，筆者遂萌撰寫本文之動機，擬從「功能」的角度，分析、透視美援在外交政策中的地位，無涉美援本身的經濟性理論。
本文自動筆撰寫至定稿付梓，雖遭逢不少思維上的窒礙與資料蒐集上的困難，幸賴指導教授關中老師在百忙之中仍予悉力啟迪與指正，終能順利告成，實銘感五衷。而外交研究所就讀期間，承蒙揚所長逢泰及陳治世、張京育、金神保、王人傑等諸位教授教誨有加，令筆者受益匪淺，又許秀賢老師及同窗友好關懷備至，鼓勵再三，趁此一併申謝。
叩謝雙親多年來的養育、栽培與精神上無限支持與鼓舞，盼望本文之完成能慰藉父母及兄弟之期勉於萬一。
初次習作論文，疏漏、謬誤之處在所難免，尚祈師長、同學不吝斧正，藉補闕遺。

中文部分
(一)書籍：
1.朱建民 國際組識，（台北：正中，民國六十七年一月台修一版）。
2.李方譯 美國與世界，（香港：今日世界，一九七三年十二月初版）。
3.宋文明 當代美國外交政策，（台北：自由太平洋文化事業，民國五十四年八月初版）。4.宋楚瑜 美國政治與民意，（台北：黎明，民國六十七年）。
5.周傳成譯 無聲的語言，（台北：協志工業叢書，民國六十八年正月初版）。
6.雲五社會科學大辭典第四册 國際關係，（台北：商務，民國六十五年三版）。

(二)期刊：
1.王建勛 「西半球安全與美國的軍援政策」，問題與研究，十五卷六期，民國六十五年三月十日。
2.高碩泰 「從美國外交政策看孤立主義的長成」，台大政治學刊，第十八期，民國六十四年六月。
3.陳明 「美國援外新政策之分析」，問題與研究，十卷十期，民國六○年七月十日。
4.張京育 「經濟工具與外交政策」，國際關係學報，第一期，政大外交系及國際關係教學研究會出版，民國六十七年三月。
5.鄭明杉 「非洲大陸與國際經援」，問題與研究，十七卷八期，民國六十七年五月十日。6.譚溯澄 「美國武器之對外銷售」，問題與研究，十四卷二期，民國六十三年十一月十日。

(三)報紙
1.中國時報，民國六十六年三月十二日，版一。
2.星島日報，一九七六年四月廿五日。
3.賴景瑚 「以埃構和後的中東和美蘇」，中國時報，民國六十八年四月廿一日，版二。(四)論文
1.王海濱 論美國新孤立主義與國家安全，（台北：政大外交研究所碩士論文，民國六十六年六月）。
2邱垂銘 東協區域合作之研究，（台北：政大政治研究所碩士論文，民國六十八年一月）。

英文部分
(1) Books:
1. Armacost, Michael H. and Michael M. Stoddard, The Foreign Relations of the United States
(2nd ed.) (Encino, Ca.: Dickenson Publishing Co., 1974).
2. Baldwin, David A. (ed.), American in An Interdependent World: Problems of United States Foreign Policy (Hanover, N. H.: University Press of New England 1976).
3. Ball, George W., Diplomacy for A Crowded World : An American Foreign Policy ( Boston:
Little, Brown and Co., 1976).
4. Banerjee, Brojendra N., Foreign Aid to India ( Delhi: Agam Prakashan, 1977).
5. Bergsten, C. Fred and Lawrence B. Krause (eds.), World Politics and International Economics (Washington D. C. : the Brookings Institution, 1975).
6. Berkowitz, Morton and P. G. Bock and Vincent J. Fuccillo, The Politics of American Foreign Policy (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, 1977).
7. Campbell, John F., The Foreign Affairs Fudge Factory (N. Y.: Basic Books, 1971).
8. Crabb, Cecil V., Jr., Policy-Makers and Critics: Conflicting Theories of American Foreign Policy (N. Y. : Praeger Publishers, 1976).
9. DeConde, Alexander(ed.), Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, Vol. II, (N. Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1978).
10. Esterline, John H. and Robert B. Black, Inside Foreign Policy (Paid Alto, Ca.: Mayfield Publishing Co., 1975).
11. Feis, Herbert, Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy (N. Y. : St. Martin’s Press, 1964).
12. Fulbright, J. William, The Arrogance of Power (N. Y. : Vintage Books, 1966).
13. Goldwater, Barry, The Conscience of A Conservative (N. Y.: Macfadden, 1963).
14.________, The Conscience of A Majority (N. Y.: Macfadden, 1970).
15. Goldwin, Robert A. (ed.), Why Foreign Aid? (Chicago: Rand McNally and Co., 1963).
16. Haas, Ernst B., Tangle of Hope: American Commitments and World Order (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, 1969).
17. Harrison, Selig S., The Widening Gulf : Asian Nationalism and American Policy (N. Y.:
the Free Press, 1978).
18. Hansen, Roger, The United States and World Development: Agenda for Action 1976 (N. Y.:
Praeger Publishers, 1976).
19. Hayter, Teresa, Aid as Imperialism (Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1970).
20. Helibroner, Robert L., The Great Ascent: the Struggle for Economic Development in Our Time (N. Y. : Harper & Row, 1963).
21. Isaak, Robert A., American Democracy and World power (N. Y. : St. Martin’s Press, 1977).
22. Jacoby, Neil H., United States Aid to Taiwan: A Study of Foreign Aid, Self-Help and
Development (N. Y. : Praeger Publishers, 1966).
23. Jones, Alan M., Jr. (ed.), U.S. Foreign Policy in A changing World (N. Y.: David McKay,1973).
24. Kamarck, Andrew M., The Economics of African Development (N. Y. : Praeger Publishers,
1967).
25. Kaplan, Jacob J., The Challenge of Foreign Aid (N. Y. : Praeger Publishers, 1967).
26. Kindleberger, Charles P., Power and Money (N. Y. : Basic Books, 1970).
27. Kissinger, Henry A., American Foreign Policy (3rd ed.)(N. Y.: W. W. Norton, 1977).
28. Knorr, Klaus, Power and Wealth (N. Y. : Macmillan, 1973).
29. Laird, Melvin R. (ed.), The Nixon Doctrine (Washington D. C. : Town Hall Meeting, 1972).
30. Levering, Ralph B., The Public and American Foreign Policy, 1918-1978 (N. Y.: William Morrow and Co., 1978).
31. Linden, Frank Van der, Nixon’s Quest for Peace (N. Y.: Robert B. Luce, 1972).
32. Liska, George, The New Statecraft: Foreign Aid in American Foreign Policy (Chicago:
the University of Chicago Press, 1960).
33. Little, Ian M. D. and J. M. Clifford, International Aid (London: Allen & Unwin, 1965).
34. MacBean, Alasdair. I. and V. N. Balasubramanyam, Meeting the Third World Challenge
(N. Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1976).
35. Macridis, Roy C. (ed.), Foreign Policy in World Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-Hall, 1962).
36. Mason, Edward S., Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy (N. Y.: Harper & Row, 1964).
37. Mikesell, Raymond F., Economics of Foreign Aid (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson,
1968).
38. Millikan, Max and W. W. Rostow, A Proposal: Key to An Effective Foreign Policy (N. Y.:
Harper & Brothers, 1957).
39. Montgomery, John D., Foreign Aid in International Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:
Prentice-Hall, 1967).
40. Morgenthau, Hans J., A New Foreign Policy for the United States (N. Y. : Praeger Publishers,. 1969).
41. Morris, Roger, Uncertain Greatness: Henry A. Kissinger and American Foreign Policy
(N. Y.: Harper & Row, 1977).
42. Mowrer, Edgar A., The Nightmare of American Foreign Policy (N. Y. : Alfred A. Knopf,1948).
43. Myrdal, Gunnar, Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations (N. Y.: Pantheon Books, 1968).
44.________ , The Challenge of World Poverty: A World Anti-Poverty Program in Outline (N. Y. : Random House, 1970).
45. Nash, Henry T., American Foreign Policy: Response to A Sense of Threat (Homewood, Ill. : the Dorsey Press, 1973).
46. Nelson, Joan M., Aid, Influence and Foreign Policy (N. Y. : Macmillan, 1968).
47. Nixon, Richard M., United States Foreign Policy for the 1970s: A New Strategy for Peace (Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1970).
48. O’Leary, Michael K., The Politics of Foreign Aid (N. Y. : Atherton 1967).
49. Osgood, Robert E. and others, Retreat from Empire? The First Nixon Administration
(Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973).
50. Owen, Henry (ed.), The Next Phase in Foreign Policy (Washington D. C.: the Brookings
Institution, 1973).
51. Packenham, Robert A., Liberal America and the Third World (Princeton, N. J. : Princeton
University Press, 1973).
52. Paul, Roland A., American Military Commitments Abroad (New Brunswick, N. J. : Rutgers
University Press, 1973).
53. Pincus, John, Economic Aid and International Cost-Sharing (Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins Press, 1965).
54. Ranis, Gustov(ed.), The U. S. and the Developing Economies (N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Co.,
1973).
55. Rosecrance, Richard (ed.), America as An Ordinary Country: U. S. Foreign Policy and
the Future (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976).
56. Rosenau, James N. and Kenneth W. Thompson, Gavin Boyd (ed.), World Politics: An
Introduction (N. Y. : Free Press, 1976).
57. Rosi, Eugene J. (ed.), American Defense and Detente: Readings in National Security
Policy (N. Y.: Dodd, Mead, 1973).
58. Sauford, Jonathan E., Issues and Options in the Coordination of United States Foreign Aid Policy, report prepared for the Committee on Foreign Affairs U. S. House of Representatives, (Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1979).
59. Seahury, Paul, Power, Freedom and Diplomacy: the Foreign Policy of the United States of America (N. Y. : Random House, 1963).
60. Sewell, John W., the United States and World Development: Agenda 1977 (N. Y.: Praeger Publishers 1977).
61. Spanier, John, American Foreign Policy since World War II (6th ed.) (N. Y.: Praeger Publishers, 1973 ).
62. Stern, Lawrence, The Wrong Horse: the Politics of Intervention and the Failure of American Diplomacy (N. Y. : the New York Times Books, 1977).
63. Stupak, Ronald J., American Foreign Policy (N. Y. : Harper & Row, 1976).
64. Stanley, John and Maurice Pearton, The International Trade in Arms (N. Y. : Praeger Publishers, 1972).
65. Taft, Robert A., A Foreign Policy for Americans (Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1951).
66. Taubman, William (ed.), Globalism and Its Critics: the American Foreign Policy Debate
of the 1960s (Lexington Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1973).
67. The Americas in A Changing World, a report of the Commission on U. S. Latin American Relations, (N. Y.: Quadragle, the New York Times Books Co., 1975).
68. Wall, David, The Charity of Nations (N. Y : Basic Books, 1973).
69. Walters, Robert S., American and Soviet Aid: A Comparative Analysis (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970).
70. Waltz, Kenneth N., Foreign Policy arid Democratic Politics (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1967).
71. Ward, Barbara, The Rich Nations and the Poor Nations (N. Y.: W. W. Norton, 1962).
72. Weissman, Steve and others, The Trojan Horses (San Francisco: Ramparts Press, 1974).
73. White, John, The Politics of Foreign Aid (N. Y. : St. Martin’s Press, 1974).
74. Wolf, Charles,. Jr., Foreign Aid: Theory and Practice in Southeast Asia (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1960).
75. Zeylstra, Willem G., AId or Development? (A. W. Sithoff-Leyden, 1977).

(2) Articles:
1. Alexander, Robert J., " Diminishing U S. Aid in Latin America" Current History, Vol.
17, No. 448, (July/August, 1979 ).
2. Asher, Robert E., "Development Assistance in DD II: The Recommendation of Perkins, Pearson, Peterson, Presbisch and Others", International Organization, Vol. XXV, No.1, (Winter, 1971).
3. Bernstein, Samuel J. arid Eugene J. Alpert, “Foreign Aid and Voting Behavior in the United Nations: the Admission of Communist China”, Orbis, Vol. XV, No.3, (Fall, 1971).
4. Butwell, Richard, “U. S. Aid in Southeast Asia”, Current History, Vol. 77, No.448, (July /August, 1979).
5. Bird, Richard M., “ What’s Wrong with the United States Foreign Aid Programme?”
International Journal, Vol.XXV, No.1, (Winter, 1969-70).
6. Cooper, Richard N., “Economic Interdependence and Foreign Policy in the Seventies”, World Politics, (January, 1972).
7. Doran, Charles F., “U. S. Foreign Aid and the Unstability Polity: A Regional Case Study”, Orbis, Vol. 22, No. 12, (Summer, 1978).
8. Fulbright, J. William, “Foreign Aid Is A Many-Splintered Thing”, Dialogue, (August, 1968).
9. Gibert, Stephen P., “Soviet-American Military Aid Competition in the Third World”, Orbis, Vol. XIII, No. 4, ( Winter, 1970).
10. ________., " Implications of the Nixon Doctrine for Military Aid Policy" Orbis, Vol. XVI, No. 3, (Fall, 1972).
11. Gordon, David F., “United States Foreign Aid in Perspective”, Current History, Vol.
77, No. 448, (July/August, 1979).
12. Huntington, Samuel P., “Foreign Aid For What and For Whom?” (I), Foreign Policy, No. 1, (Winter, 1970-1971).
13. ________., “Foreign Aid: For What and For Whom?” (II), Foreign Policy, No. 2, (Spring, 1971).
14. Lodge, George C., “U S. Aid to Latin America: Funding Radical Change”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 47, No. 4, (July, 1969).
15. McKinlay, R. D. and R. Little, “A Foreign Policy Model of U. S. Bilateral Aid Allocation”, World Politics, Vol. 30, No. 1, (October, 1977).
16. Moore, David W., “U. S. Aid and the Arms Trade”, Current History, Vol. 77, No. 448,
(July/August, 1979).
17. Morgenthau, Hans J., “A Political Theory of Foreign Aid”, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 56, No. 2, (June, 1962).
18. Morrow, Lance, “The World’s Double Standard”, Time (Jan. 14, 1980).
19. Murphy, Charles J. V., “Foreign Aid : Billions in Search of A Good Reason”, Fortune, (March, 1963).
20. Nelson, Joan M. “The Partial Partnership : Trends in Multilateral Aid and Aid Coordination”, International Organization, Vol. XXV, No.1, (Winter, 1971).
21. Palmer, Norman D., “Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy : the ‘New Statecraft’ Reassessed”, Orbis, Vol. XIII, No. 3, (Fall, 1969).
22.________., " The Compelling Imperative : Aid in South Asia”, Current History, Vol. 77, No.448, (July/August, 1979).
23. Rosecrance, Richard and Authur Stein, “Interdependence: Myth or Reality’?”, World. Politics, (October, 1973).
24. Schulz, Ann T., “Arms, Aid and the U. S. Presence in the Middle East”, Current History, Vol. 77, No. 448, (July/August, 1979).
25. Shams, Feraidoon B., “American Policy : Arms and Aid in Africa”, Current History, Vol. 77, NO. 448, (July/August, 1979).
26. Thorp, Willard L., “Foreign Aid: A Report or the Reports”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.48, No. 3, (April, 1970).
27. Vittachi, Varindra T., “The Mythology of Aid”, Newsweek, (August 27, 1979).
28. Williams, Maurice J., “The Aid Programs of the OPEC Countries”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 54, No. 2, (Jan.,1976).
29. Willkopf, Eugene R., “Foreign Aid and United Nations Votes: A Comparative Study”, The American Political science Review, Vol. LXVII, No.3, (Sep.,1973).
30. Young, Oran, “Interdependencies in World Politics”, International Journal, (Autumn,1969).

(3) Documents:
1. “U. S. Foreign Assistance in the 1970s: A New Approach”, report of the Presidential Task Force, in Elaine P. Adam and William P. Lineberry (ed.), Documents on American Foreign Relations 1970 (N. Y.: Simon and Schuster, 1973), pp.417-421.
2. Address by President Truman to a Joint Session of Congress, March 12, 1947, in Public Papers of the President of the United states: Harry Truman, 1947(Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1963)
3. President Kennedy’s message to the Congress on foreign aid, March 22, 1961, in Robert A. Goldwin(ed.), Why Foreign Aid? (Chicago: Rand McNally and Co., 1963), pp.4-9.
4. Department of States, United States Foreign Policy, 1969-1970, a report of the Secretary of States, (Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1971), pp.36-37.
5. President Nixon’s May 28 message to Congress on foreign aid in Nixon: the First Year of His Presidency (Washington D. C. : Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1970), pp.59A-61A.
6. “Foreign Assistance for the 70’s”, message from President Nixon to the Congress, Sep.
15, 1970, in Elaine P. Adam and William P. Lineberry (ed.), op. cit., pp.429-433.
7. President Nixon’s April 21 message to the Congress concerning the re-organization of
U. S. foreign assistance programs in Nixon: the Third Year of His Presidency (Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1972), pp.82A-87A.
8. Speech by Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, State Department Bulletin, July 8, 1974, pp. 49-50.
9. U. S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Foreign Assistance and Related Agencies Appropriation for 1977, hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriatiors, House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2nd Session, (Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1976), p.619.
10. Department of State, Bureau for Program Policy arid Coordination, Agency for International Development, U. S. Overseas Loans and Grants and Assistance from International Organization: 1977 (Washington D. C. : Government Printing Office, 1978), pp.87-139.
11. Statement of Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Richard
C. Holbrook in State Department Bulletin, April 1978, p.33.
12. President Nixon’s May 1973 message to Congress on foreign aid in Nixon: the Fifth Year
of. His Presidency (Washington D. C. : Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1974), pp.63A-64A.
13. Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger’s address to the 7th Special Session of the
U. N. General Assembly, Sep. 1, 1975, in Henry A. Kissinger, American Foreign Policy (3rd.ed.) (N. Y. : W. W. Norton, 1977), pp.237-276.