在當今的數位環境中，寵物網紅已成為社群媒體行銷中的一股獨特力量，結合了動物的可愛魅力與網紅文化的說服力。相較於人類網紅，寵物網紅常被認為更真誠且較不商業化（Di Cioccio 等人，2024），而其行銷效果常因「擬人化」而加乘——即將人類特徵賦予寵物，使觀眾得以將動物視為具有類似思維與情感的存在，進而產生情感連結（Humphrey，1983）。
本研究探討擬人化如何增強單方面情感依附的「類社會關係」（Parasocial Relationships, PSRs），即粉絲與網紅之間的情感連結（Horton 與 Wohl，1956），並進一步檢視在可愛感與好感度的中介下，這種關係是否會影響消費者對人類產品的購買意圖。儘管類社會關係常受真實感與情感共鳴所形塑（Cheng 等人，2020；Myers 等人，2022），目前針對「非人類網紅」代言人類產品的相關研究仍相對稀少。為彌補此研究缺口，本研究在寵物網紅現象尤為盛行的泰國進行線上問卷調查。
研究結果顯示，僅靠擬人化並不足以保證更強烈的情感連結或提升購買行為。相反地，當情感上的親近感與可愛感、好感度結合時，對於推動消費者購買，特別是與飼養寵物無關的人類產品上，扮演了關鍵角色。
關鍵詞：寵物網紅、社群媒體、購買意圖、類社會關係、擬人化、可愛感、好感度

In today’s digital landscape, pet influencers have emerged as a distinct force in social media marketing, blending the charm of animals with the persuasive power of influencer culture. Often perceived as more authentic and less commercialized than human influencers (Di Cioccio et al., 2024), their effectiveness is amplified through anthropomorphism—the attribution of human-like traits to pets, which fosters emotional connections by allowing audiences to interpret animals as having thoughts or feelings similar to their own (Humphrey, 1983).
This study investigates how anthropomorphism strengthens parasocial relationships (PSRs)—one-sided emotional bonds between followers and influencers (Horton & Wohl, 1956)—and whether these enhanced PSRs, mediated by cuteness and likeability, influence consumer intentions to purchase human products. While PSRs are often shaped by perceived authenticity and emotional relatability (Cheng et al., 2020; Myers et al., 2022),limited research has explored their role in the endorsement of human products by non-human influencers. To address this gap, this study employs an online survey distributed in Thailand, where the pet influencer phenomenon is especially prominent.
Findings reveal that anthropomorphism alone does not guarantee stronger emotional bonds or purchasing behavior. Instead, emotional closeness—when combined with perceived cuteness and likeability—plays a crucial role in driving consumer purchase intention, particularly for human products unrelated to pet ownership.
Key Words: Pet Influencers, Social Media, Purchasing Intention, Parasocial Relationships, Anthropomorphism, Cuteness, Likeability

Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400304
Aggarwal, P., & McGill, A. L. (2007). Is that car smiling at me? Schema congruity as a basis for evaluating anthropomorphized products. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1086/518544
Albert, N., & Merunka, D. (2013). The role of brand love in consumer‐brand relationships. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(3), 258–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761311328928
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2021). New ASPCA Survey Shows Overwhelming Majority of Dogs and Cats Acquired During the Pandemic Are Still in Their Home. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/about-us/press-releases/new-aspca-survey-shows-overwhelming-majority-dogs-and-cats-acquired-during
AP THAI. (2024, February 1). เอพีจัดแจง แจกเกินร้อย รับโปรจัดเต็ม พร้อมลุ้นอีก 2 ต่อ [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak4zhgivNWw
Archer, J., & Monton, S. (2010). Preferences for infant facial features in pet dogs and cats. Ethology, 117(3), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01863.x
Aragón, O. R., Clark, M. S., Dyer, R. L., & Bargh, J. A. (2015). Dimorphous expressions of positive emotion: displays of both care and aggression in response to cute stimuli. Psychological Science, 26(3), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614561044
Bernaerts, L., Caracciolo, M., Herman, L., & Vervaeck, B. (2014). The storied lives of Non-Human Narrators. Narrative, 22(1), 68–93. https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.2014.0002
Berry, D. S., & Zebrowitz-McArthur, L. (1988). What’s in a face? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167288141003
Buckels, E. E., Beall, A. T., Hofer, M. K., Lin, E. Y., Zhou, Z., & Schaller, M. (2015). Individual differences in activation of the parental care motivational system: Assessment, prediction, and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(3), 497–514. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000023
Buckley, R. C. (2016). Aww: the emotion of perceiving cuteness. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01740
Borgi, M., Cogliati-Dezza, I., Brelsford, V., Meints, K., & Cirulli, F. (2014). Baby schema in human and animal faces induces cuteness perception and gaze allocation in children. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00411
Calorietiktok คิ้วคือมงกุฎของแค(n.d.). calorietiktok's official Tiktok page. Tiktok. Retrieved February 23, 2025, from https://www.tiktok.com/@calorietiktok?lang=en
Calorie TikTok [@calorietiktok]. (2023, December 25). [ดูดหมดในพริบตาาาาา !!! 🤭💕✨ บอกลาไม้ถูพื้นไปเลยจ้า เพราะแคมี Dyson Wash G1] [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@calorietiktok/video/7434119520425430280
Calorie TikTok [@calorietiktok]. (2023, December 31). [ฉันสวยเมื่อไหร่ หล่อนเจอแน่!!! 😏😏😏 ดีนะ ฉันมาเจอ Organic Chia Seed ของ Body Shape พอดี 💕] [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@calorietiktok/video/7368463832919854344
Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2018). Influencers on Instagram: Antecedents and consequences of opinion leadership. Journal of Business Research, 117, 510–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.005
Callcott, M. F., & Lee, W.-N. (1994). A content analysis of animation and animated spokes-characters in television commercials. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1943.10673455
Cialdini, R. B. (1993). Influence: Science and practice (3rd ed.). HarperCollins College Publishers.
Cielmeowmun ชิเอลแมวมึน 😺(n.d.). cielmeowmun's official Tiktok page. Tiktok. Retrieved February 23, 2025, from https://www.tiktok.com/@cielmeowmun
Ciel Meowmun [@cielmeowmun]. (2023, December 25). [พี่ชิเอลร้องเพลงแบบหลบลิขสิทธิ์ มาแจมกันเด้ออ] [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@cielmeowmun/video/7434116212704988424
Cheng, Y., Wei, W., Zhang, L., 2020. Seeing destinations through vlogs: Implications for leveraging customer engagement behavior to increase travel intention. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 32 (10), 3227–3248. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04- 2020-0319
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., Hudders, L., 2017. Marketing through Instagram
influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand
attitude. Interational Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035.
Delbaere, M., McQuarrie, E., Phillips, B., 2011. Personification in advertising. J. Advert.
40 (1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367400108.
Dessart, L. (2018). Do ads that tell a story always perform better? The role of character identification and character type in storytelling ads. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 35(2), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2017.12.009
De Veirman, M., & Hudders, L. (2019). Disclosing sponsored Instagram posts: the role of material connection with the brand and message-sidedness when disclosing covert advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 39(1), 94–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1575108
Di Cioccio, M., Pozharliev, R., & De Angelis, M. (2024). Pawsitively powerful: Why and when pet influencers boost social media effectiveness. Psychology & Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.22000
Dibb, S., & Simkin, L. (2009). Implementation rules to bridge the theory/practice divide in market segmentation. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(3–4), 375–396. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725709x429809
Dibble, J. L., T. Hartmann, and S. F. Rosaen. 2016. Parasocial interaction and parasocial relationship: Conceptual clarification and a critical assessment of measures. Human Communication Research, 42(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12063
Endendijk, J. J., Spencer, H., Van Baar, A. L., & Bos, P. A. (2018). Mothers’ neural responses to infant faces are associated with activation of the maternal care system and observed intrusiveness with their own child. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 18(4), 609–621. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-0592-6
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.4.1149
Feedspot. (2025, March 13). Top 100 pet influencers in 2025. https://influencers.feedspot.com/pet_instagram_influencers/
​​Feinberg, F. M., Krishna, A., & Zhang, Z. J. (2002). Do we care what others Get? A Behaviorist Approach to Targeted Promotions. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(3), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.39.3.277.19108
Feng, Y., Chen, H., & Kong, Q. (2020). An expert with whom i can identify: the role of narratives in influencer marketing. International Journal of Advertising, 40(7), 972–993. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2020.1824751
Fleck, N., Michel, G., & Zeitoun, V. (2013). Brand Personification through the Use of Spokespeople: An Exploratory Study of Ordinary Employees, CEOs, and Celebrities Featured in Advertising. Psychology and Marketing, 31(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20677
Folse, J. a. G., Netemeyer, R. G., & Burton, S. (2012). Spokescharacters. Journal of Advertising, 41(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367410102
Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their Brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1086/209515
Frank, L. B., & Falzone, P. (2021). Entertainment-Education behind the scenes. In Springer eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63614-2
Golonka, E. M., Jones, K. M., Sheehan, P., Pandža, N. B., Paletz, S. B. F., Rytting, C. A., & Johns, M. A. (2023). The construct of cuteness: A validity study for measuring content and evoked emotions on social media. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1068373
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
Harnish, R. J., & Nataraajan, R. (2020). Attitudes toward wildlife: The impact of physical attractiveness. Psychology and Marketing, 37(12), 1703–1707. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21389
HealthforAnimals. (2023, April 18). HealthforAnimals. https://www.healthforanimals.org/
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. Wiley.
Humphrey, N. (1983). Consciousness regained. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0192860526
Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049
Influencer Marketing Hub. (2023). The State of Influencer Marketing 2023: Benchmark Report. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing-benchmark- report/
Japanfriends (n.d.). japanfriends's official Tiktok page. Tiktok. Retrieved February 23, 2025, https://www.tiktok.com/search?lang=en&q=Japan%20and%20friend&t=1740724470572
Jiffpom (n.d.). Jiffpom's official Instagram page. Instagram. Retrieved February 23, 2025, from https://www.instagram.com/jiffpom/
Jiffpomcutelife (n.d.). Jiffpomcutelifestyle's official Instagram page. Instagram. Retrieved February 23, 2025, from https://www.instagram.com/jiffpom/
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2009). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Karreman, A., & Riem, M. M. E. (2019). Exposure to infant images enhances attention control in mothers. Cognition & Emotion, 34(5), 986–993. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2019.1689101
Kavin, K. (2020, August 12), “Dog adoptions and sales soar during the pandemic,”
Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/12/adoption
s-dogs-coronavirus/.
Kazakova, A. (2025, March 16). Pet Influencer Marketing: Complete guide. inBeat. https://www.inbeat.co/articles/pet-influencer-marketing/?utm_source.com
Kenrick, D. T., Neuberg, S. L., & Cialdini, R. B. (2002). Social psychology: Unraveling the mystery (2nd ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
Kim, S., & McGill, A. L. (2011). Gaming with Mr. Slot or Gaming the Slot Machine? Power, Anthropomorphism, and Risk Perception. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(1), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1086/658148
Kim, H., Ko, E., & Kim, J. (2015). SNS users’ para-social relationships with celebrities: Social media effects on purchase intentions. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 25(3), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2015.1043690
Kringelbach, M. L., Stark, E. A., Alexander, C., Bornstein, M. H., & Stein, A. (2016). On Cuteness: Unlocking the Parental Brain and Beyond. Trends in cognitive sciences, 20(7), 545–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.05.003
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2008). Marketing management (13th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Kotovych, M., Dixon, P., Bortolussi, M., & Holden, M. (2011). Textual determinants of a component of literary identification. Scientific Study of Literature, 1(2), 260–291. https://doi.org/10.1075/ssol.1.2.05kot
Labrecque, L. I. (2014). Fostering Consumer–Brand Relationships in Social Media Environments: The role of Parasocial Interaction. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(2), 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.12.003
Lages, C., Lages, C. R., & Lages, L. F. (2004). The RELQUAL scale: a measure of relationship quality in export market ventures. Journal of Business Research, 58(8), 1040–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.03.001
Lee, E. (2013). A prototype of multicomponent brand personality structure: a consumption synmbolism approach. Psychology and Marketing, 30(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20596
Lee, J. E., & Watkins, B. (2016). YouTube vloggers’ influence on consumer luxury brand perceptions and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5753–5760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.171
Lloyd, S., & Woodside, A. G. (2013). Animals, archetypes, and advertising (A3): The theory and the practice of customer brand symbolism. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(1–2), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2013.765498
Lorenz, K. (1943). The innate forms of possible experience. Journal of Animal Psychology, 5(2), 235–409.
Lou, C. (2021). Social media influencers and followers: Theorization of a trans-parasocial relation and explication of its implications for influencer advertising. Journal of Advertising, 51(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2021.1880345
Lou, C., & Kim, H. K. (2019). Fancying the new rich and famous? Explicating the roles of influencer content, credibility, and parental mediation in adolescents’ parasocial relationship, materialism, and purchase intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02567
Lu, Y. (2022). Social media marketing: How do pet influencers on social media affect consumers' purchase intention?. Budapest: Óbuda University Keleti Károly Faculty of Economics. Retrieved from https://proxyone.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/conference-papers-proceedings/social-media-marketing-how-do-pet-influencers-on/docview/2769626689/se-2
Maddox, J. (2020). The secret life of pet Instagram accounts: Joy, resistance, and commodification in the Internet’s cute economy. New Media & Society, 23(11), 3332–3348. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820956345
Masuda, H., Han, S. H., & Lee, J. (2022). Impacts of influencer attributes on purchase intentions in social media influencer marketing: Mediating roles of characterizations. Technological Forecasting & Social Change/Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121246
McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 310. https://doi.org/10.1086/209217
Meese, J. (2014). “It belongs to the internet”: animal images, attribution norms and the politics of amateur media production. M/C Journal, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.782
Mota-Rojas, D., Mariti, C., Zdeinert, A., Riggio, G., Mora-Medina, P., Del Mar Reyes, A., Gazzano, A., Domínguez-Oliva, A., Lezama-García, K., José-Pérez, N., & Hernández-Ávalos, I. (2021). Anthropomorphism and its adverse effects on the distress and welfare of companion animals. Animals, 11(11), 3263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113263
Myers, S., Sen, S., Syrdal, H., & Woodroof, P. (2022). The impact of persuasion knowledge cues on social media engagement: A look at pet influencer marketing. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 32(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2022.2093224
nala_cat, @nala_cat. (2025, 03 03).. “How do I look?” [Post]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/C9gabK4P6gc/?igsh=MWE5anVsMGVrZGxneg==.
nala_cat, @nala_cat. (2025, 03 03).. “Peek a boo” [Post]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/C84de5Np33O/?igsh=cWV3NmprYWFpazVt
nala_cat, @nala_cat. (2025, 03 03). “Nala right meow. Resting in bed with mommy <3<3<3 recovering nicely” [Broadcast Channel]. Instagram.
nala_cat (n.d.). nala_cat's official Instagram page. Instagram. Retrieved February 23, 2025, from https://www.instagram.com/nala_cat/related_profiles/?hl=en
Narvaez, D. (2006). Guide for using the Positivity Scale. Center for Ethical Education, University of Notre Dame.
Nenkov, G. Y., & Scott, M. L. (2014). “So cute I could eat it up”: Priming effects of cute products on indulgent consumption. The Journal of Consumer Research/Journal of Consumer Research, 41(2), 326–341. https://doi.org/10.1086/676581
Nittono, H., Fukushima, M., Yano, A., & Moriya, H. (2012). The power of kawaii: viewing cute images promotes a careful behavior and narrows attentional focus. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e46362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046362
Nguyen, B., Melewar, T., & Chen, J. (2013). A framework of brand likeability: an exploratory study of likeability in firm-level brands. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(4), 368–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254x.2013.790472
Nguyen, B., Ekinci, Y., Simkin, L., & Melewar, T. (2015). The Brand Likeability Scale: An exploratory study of likeability in Firm-Level brands. International Journal of Market Research, 57(5), 777–800. https://doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2015-063
Oftedal, L. K., & Harfeld, J. L. (2019). The relevance of shame in Dog-Human Relationships. Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research, 2(1), 101–124. https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340019
Okuah, O., Scholtz, B.M., Snow, B., 2019. A grounded theory analysis of the techniques
used by social media influencers and their potential for influencing the public
regarding environmental awareness. SAICSIT ‘19 Proceedings of the South African
Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. The Association for
Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351108.3351145.
Park, C. W., MacInnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Iacobucci, D. (2010). Brand attachment and brand attitude strength: Conceptual and empirical differentiation of two critical brand equity drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/25764280
Paul, E. S., & Mendl, M. T. (2018). Animal emotion: Descriptive and prescriptive definitions and their implications for a comparative perspective. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 205, 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2018.01.008
Paul, E. S., Packer, R. M., McGreevy, P. D., Coombe, E., Mendl, E., & Neville, V. (2023). That brachycephalic look: Infant-like facial appearance in short-muzzled dog breeds. Animal Welfare, 32. https://doi.org/10.1017/awf.2022.6
Plourde, L. (2016). Babymetal and the ambivalence of cuteness. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(3), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877916674741
Phoebe the Scottish Fold (@phoebe.thescottishfold). (2024, November 2). (Revealed income from being pet influencers) (Video). TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@phoebe.thescottishfold/video/7334442160982478085
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). (2019). In American Psychological Association eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Rahinel, R., & Redden, J. P. (2012). Brands as product coordinators: Matching brands make joint consumption experiences more enjoyable. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(6), 1290–1299. https://doi.org/10.1086/668525
Reysen, S. (2005). Construction of a new scale: The Reysen Likability Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33(2), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.2.201
Rubin, A. M., Perse, E. M., & Powell, R. A. (1985). Loneliness, parasocial interaction, and local television news viewing. Human Communication Research, 12, 155–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00071.x
Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L., & Verspaget, M. (2019). Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit. International Journal of Advertising, 39(2), 258–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898
Sokolova, K.;Kefi, H.(2020), Instagram and YouTube bloggers promote it, why should I buy? How credibility and parasocial interaction influence purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Service, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.01.011
Statista. (2025, January 13). Pet owners’ perceptions of their pets as “fur babies” U.S. 2020, by generation. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1128358/perceptions-of-pets-as-fur-babies-by-generation-us/
Thompson, J. (2023). Has influencer marketing peaked? Business. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.business.com/articles/influencer-marketing-losing-influence/
TRADING ECONOMICS. (n.d.). Thailand - population, female (% of total) - 2025 data 2026 forecast 1960-2024 historical. https://tradingeconomics.com/thailand/population-female-percent-of-total-wb-data.html
Urquiza-Haas, E. G., & Kotrschal, K. (2015). The mind behind anthropomorphic thinking: attribution of mental states to other species. Animal Behaviour, 109, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.08.011
Van Lissa, C. J., Caracciolo, M., Van Duuren, T., & Van Leuveren, B. (2016, June 11). Difficult Empathy. The Effect of Narrative Perspective on Readers’ Engagement with a First-Person Narrator. https://www.diegesis.uni-wuppertal.de/index.php/diegesis/article/view/211
Velasco, S. (2014, December 9). Grumpy Cat made nearly $100 million? Not quite, owner says. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2014/1208/Grumpy-Cat-made-nearly-100-million-Not-quite-owner-says
Waytz, A., Cacioppo, J., & Epley, N. (2010). Who sees human? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369336
Westin, B. (2005). To tell an “I”: Construction of self-identity in autobiographical non-human fiction for children. In E. O’Sullivan, K. Reynolds, & R. Romøren (Eds.), Children’s literature global and local: Social and aesthetic perspectives (pp. 44–58). Oslo: Novus Press.
Yoo, S., Pu, K., & Truong, K. N. (2024, May). Behind the pup-ularity curtain: Understanding the motivations, challenges, and work performed in creating and managing pet influencer accounts [Conference paper]. Proceedings of the ACM, ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642367
Yu, S., & Hu, Y. (2019). When luxury brands meet China: The effect of localized celebrity endorsements in social media marketing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 102010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102010
Zebrowitz, L. A., Voinescu, L., & Collins, M. A. (1996). “Wide-Eyed” and “Crooked-Faced”: determinants of perceived and real honesty across the life span. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1258–1269.https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672962212006
Zhang, K., Zhang, M., & Li, C. (2021). Effects of celebrity characteristics, perceived homophily, and reverence on consumer-celebrity parasocial interaction and brand attitude. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711454
Zhang, L., & Wei, W. (2021). Influencer Marketing: A Comparison of Traditional Celebrity, Social Media Influencer, and AI Influencer. Boston Hospitality Review. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355266668_Influencer_Marketing_A_Comparison_of_Traditional_Celebrity_Social_Media_Influencer_and_AI_Influencer
Zhang, W., Cao, H., & Lin, L. (2022). Analysis of the future development trend of the pet industry. In Proceedings of the 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (Vol. 648). Atlantis Press International B.V. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.275
Zhang, L., Kuo, P., & McCall, M. (2019). Microcelebrity: the impact of information source, hotel type, and misleading photos on consumers’ responses. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 60(4), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965519851461
Zhang, L., Wei, W., Rathjens, B., & Zheng, Y. (2023). Pet influencers on social media: The joint effect of message appeal and narrator. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 110, 103453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103453
Zhou, S., Barnes, L., McCormick, H., & Cano, M. B. (2020). Social media influencers’ narrative strategies to create eWOM: A theoretical contribution. International Journal of Information Management, 59, 102293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102293
Zickfeld, J. H., Schubert, T. W., Seibt, B., Blomster, J. K., Arriaga, P., Basabe, N., Blaut, A., Caballero, A., Carrera, P., Dalgar, I., Ding, Y., Dumont, K., Gaulhofer, V., Gračanin, A., Gyenis, R., Hu, C., Kardum, I., Lazarević, L. B., Mathew, L., . . . Fiske, A. P. (2018). Kama muta: Conceptualizing and measuring the experience often labelled being moved across 19 nations and 15 languages. Emotion, 19(3), 402–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000450
ผลสํารวจปี 66 เผยคนไทยกว่า 49% เลี้ยงสัตว์แทนลูก แถมทาสทั้งหลายเปย์นายเฉลี่ย 1-2 หมื่น/ตัว/ปี. (n.d.). THAIRATH Money. https://www.thairath.co.th/money/business_marketing/marketing_trends/2601455