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研究生： 游逸凡
Lacayo, Rodolfo
論文名稱： 以有機自然堆肥廁所來改善尼加拉瓜馬拿瓜市郊之衛生及經濟條件
Establishing a Compost Toilet Franchise for Improved Sustainable Sanitation in Managua, Nicaragua
指導教授： 白德傑
Brodowsky, Glen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 商學院 - 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
International MBA Program College of Commerce(IMBA)
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 104
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 47
中文關鍵詞： 衛生 、堆肥廁所 、尼加拉瓜
外文關鍵詞： Sanitation, Compost Toilet, Nicaragua
相關次數： 點閱：154  下載：5 
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    • Access to proper sanitation is a necessary step towards sustainable development. Facilitating access to the tools to the most basic hygienic services generates a healthier living, a more sustainable environment, a means to generating economic activity, and strengthens human dignity and social development. The United Nations General Assembly declared 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation, setting as a target the significant increase in the number of people with access to adequate sanitation and implementation of good hygiene practices. This project aims to help the people of Nicaragua meet that target.

    As of 2013, only 52% of Nicaragua’s population had access to improved sanitation facilities. This is still far below the average of its neighbor Latin American countries. Lack of proper sanitation has a tremendous direct and indirect impact on Nicaragua’s development in the areas of health, tourism, and water resources. As of 2013, the economic losses due to the lack of sanitation and hygiene amount to US$ 95 million and is expected to continue growing.

    This business plan will cover the design and implementation ECOSAN, a low cost, high quality compost toilet, which will be sold to low-income local entrepreneurs who will become franchise partners. The franchisees are responsible for managing the usage of the toilets in local poor communities. These entrepreneurs will receive training on how to convert the compost into organic fertilizer which could further be sold to local farms or be locally used.

    1. Company Overview: ECOSAN Toilets 1
    1.1. Mission 1
    1.2. Vision 1
    1.3. Impact and Goal 1
    1.4. Long term Objectives 2
    1.5. Target Market 2
    2. Situation Analysis / Problem 3
    2.1. Nicaragua 3
    2.2. Population 4
    2.3. Economy 5
    2.4. Poverty 7
    2.5. The project target area: Managua District 2 9
    2.5.1. Managua District 2: Population 9
    2.6. The city of Managua 10
    2.6.1. La Chureca 11
    2.7. Sanitation in Nicaragua 12
    2.8. Coverage and quality of sanitation 14
    2.9. Socioeconomic demographics of urban-poor communities 15
    2.10. Health cost of inadequate sanitation 16
    3. Brand and product overview 18
    3.1. Logo 18
    3.2. Company Ownership 19
    3.2.1. ECOSAN legal framework 19
    4. Design and Implementation of ECOSAN Toilets 20
    4.1. Construction Materials and Cost 21
    4.2. Schematics of the proposed design 22
    4.3. Aerobic compost 23
    5. Business Model 24
    5.1. Value Proposition 24
    5.2. Costumer Segments 24
    5.3. Channels 24
    5.4. Customer Relationships 24
    5.5. Revenue Streams 25
    5.6. Key Partners 25
    5.7. Key Activities 26
    5.8. Type of Franchise 26
    6. Marketing Plan 28
    6.1. Product 28
    6.2. Pricing 28
    6.3. Placement 29
    6.4. Promotion 29
    7. Competitive Analysis 31
    7.1. Competitors 31
    7.1.1. Macro 31
    7.1.2. Micro 31
    7.2. Alternatives 32
    7.2.1. Macro 32
    7.2.2. Micro 32
    8. Social impact assessment 34
    8.1. Social impact 34
    8.2. Assessment 35
    9. Risk Management 36
    10. Conclusions 37
    11. Bibliography 38

     

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    11. "Nicaragua an Outlook in Poverty." International Monetary Fund. Web. 16 Jan. 2016.
    12. "Extreme Poverty." Nuru International. <http://www.nuruinternational.org/why/extreme-poverty/>.
    13. Wiggins, Steve. "Growth and Chronic Poverty in Nicaragua." SSRN Electronic Journal SSRN Journal Web. <http://www.chronicpoverty.org/uploads/publication_files/CPR2_Background_Papers_Wiggins_06.pdf>.
    14. "Extreme Poverty Increases in Nicaragua in 2013, Study Finds -." The Tico Times 13 Nov. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2016. <http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/11/13/extreme-poverty-increases-in-nicaragua-in-2013-study-finds>.
    15. "Sobre Managua | Sitio Oficial De La Alcaldia De Managua." Sobre Managua | Sitio Oficial De La Alcaldia De Managua. 16 Apr. 2016. <http://www.managua.gob.ni/index.php?s=2000>.
    16. "Llegó El Final De La Chureca." La Prensa. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2013/02/20/nacionales/135365-llego-el-final-de-la-chureca>.
    17. "La Chureca." Gobierno De Espana Web. <http://www.aecid.es/ES/Paginas/Sala%20de%20Prensa/Noticias/2013/2013_02/2013_02_19_la_chureca_de_vertedero_a_gestion_sostenible.aspx>.
    18. "Water Supply and Sanitation in Nicaragua." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nicaragua>.
    19. "Sanitation in Nicaragua." Economic Costs of Sanitation 90.10/11 (1928): 601-03. Water and Sanitation Program. Web.
    20. "The State of Sanitation in Nicaragua." El Estado Del Saneamiento En NicaraguaEl Estado Del Saneamiento En Nicaragua, Water and Sanitation Program. World Bank. Web. <https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/521200850008_Saneamiento_Nicaragua_final.pdf>.
    21. "Sanitation in Nicaragua." Economic Costs of Sanitation 90.10/11 (1928): 601-03. Water and Sanitation Program. Web
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    23. ANÁLISIS SECTORIAL DE AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO DE NICARAGUA, Biblioteca Virtual Del Desarollo Sostenible. Web. <http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd51/nicaragua/intro.pdf>.
    24. Jenkins, Joseph. "The Humanure Handbook." Web. <http://www.gubaswaziland.org/files/documents/resource9.pdf>.
    25. "Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio | Composting 101." Planet Natural RSS <http://www.planetnatural.com/composting-101/c-n-ratio/>.
    26. "Kiva - About Us." Kiva. Web. <https://www.kiva.org/about>.
    27. "The Sanergy Model." Sanergy. <http://saner.gy/our-work/the-sanergy-model>.
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