數學焦慮是一種在日常生活或學習狀態操作數字及解決數學問題情境下產生的焦慮、情緒緊張狀態(Richarson &Suinn , 1972)，或是一種心理困擾，對於要運用心智思考的數學而言會有干擾作用(Betz，1978)。過去研究範疇( Betz , 1978; Eccles & Blumenfeid, 1985;李默英，民72) 大多環繞於數學焦慮、數學成就、數學態度、性別差異及父母教師態度之關係，對於這些因素如何影響學生數學焦慮則未加以深入探討，因此本研究目的在於

1. 探討國小中、高年級學童數學焦慮現象在年級和性別間是否有顯著差異存在。

2. 探討國小中、高年級學童之數學態度、學業成就、父母期望及教師期望及人口變項對其數學焦慮的影響。

3. 探討產生國小、中高年級學童高數學焦慮的原因。

依據上述研究目的，本研究共分三階段進行探討。第一階段為以1635名國小中、高年級學童為對象F 施予數學焦慮量表;第二階段為由第一階段結果中抽出數學焦慮量表得分差異最大年級:四年級和六年級，施予數學態度量表，並收集此二年級學童之數學學業成績及家長社經地位;第三階段再由四、六年級學童中抽得高焦慮學童34 名，進行學童本身及其父母、老師之數學態度個別訪問。本研究結果摘要如下:

一.在數學焦慮與數學態度問卷施測方面:

1.無論三、四、五、六年級3 絕大多數學童均認為正在修習之學期的數學課程最令他們感到困難，且對五、六年級學童而言，在邁入本學期之前一學期課程漸漸感困難趨勢。

2. 女生之數學焦慮程度顯著高於男生;四、五、六年級學童之數學焦慮、顯著高於三年級，六年級學童之數學焦慮亦顯著高於五年級學童。

3. 無論四年級或六年級或四、六年級全體學童，其數學態度、數學成績分別與數學數學焦慮呈顯著負相關;至於數學態度及父母社經地位亦與數學成就呈顯著負相關。

4. 對四年級學童而言，男生對數學較有信心。

5. 無論四年級或六年級女生，皆較有數學為男性科目的刻板印象。

6. 對四年級學童而言，學習數學的信心、數學成就及數學探究動機等三變項對其數學焦慮有顯著預測力。

7. 對六年級學童而言，學習數學的信心、數學探究動機、數學成就、性別、數學為男性科目及知覺到父親、母親及教師態度等六變項對其數學焦慮有顯著預測力。

8. 對四、六年級學童而言，學習數學的信心、數學成就及數學探究動機、性別、數學為男性科目及知覺到父親、母親及教師態度等七變項對其數學焦慮有顯著預測力。

二.個別訪問結果

1 在高數學焦慮學童個別訪問中發現，上課聽不懂且不敢問老師，場導致學習數學信心欠佳，學業成績低落;而基礎不好造成學習上挫折感則阻撓了學童進一步學習更多更深數學的動機。

諸此因素惡性循環不己，導致了學童之數學焦慮。

2 在家長態度訪問中發現，家長們對子女期望與了解不盡相同，其中以大多數低成就學童的家長而言對其子女學習數學方面抱持較不樂觀態度，但在分數期望上卻往往希望子女能達到超出其能力的分數，且強調努力的重要，家長本身對數學的態度上，則多數人持較負向態度。

3. 在教師態度訪問中發現，教師對學同學習數學方面期望，往往較教師實際，且數學學業成績、學童努力程度是教師判斷學童學習數學潛力的依據;另一方面，教師對學童的反應及所創造出來的教室氣氛則深深影響學童的數學焦慮程度。

一、中文部份:
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李默英(民72) :性別、年級、數學科學習態度、性別角色與數學成就之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
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洪志成(民75) :台北縣市國中生數學科自我概念及其相關因素之之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
甯自強(民72) :數學恐懼症的治療與預防。教育資料文摘，第11卷第6期， 119 - 127 。
蔣治邦、鍾思嘉(民79) :國小學童數學能力與態度診斷之研究。導航文教基金會專題研究，未發表。
魏麗敏(民77) :國小學生數學焦慮、數學態度與數學成就之關係暨數學學習團體諮商之效果研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第四冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第五冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第六冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第七冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第八冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第十冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第十一冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第十二冊數學課本，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第四冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第五冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第六冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第七冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第八冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第九冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編， (民78) 國民小學第十冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。
國立編譯館主編，(民78) 國民小學第十一冊數學科數學教學指引，台灣書店發行。

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