| 研究生: |
李雅嵐 Lee, Ya-Lan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
日本與台灣間影集留言板之跨文化探討 An Exploratory Cross-Cultural Study of Message Board of Sitcom Programs in Japan and Taiwan |
| 指導教授: |
邱志聖
Chiou, Jyh-shen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
商學院 - 國際經營與貿易學系 Department of International Business |
| 論文出版年: | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 90 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 內容分析 、跨文化研究 、虛擬社群 、網路留言板 、日本 、台灣 、電視影集 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Content Analysis, Cross-Culture, Virtual Community, Message Board, Japan, Taiwan, Sitcom Program |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:91 下載:63 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
This study tried to have an exploratory study about the cross-cultural effect of the content of the message board by examining the sitcom programs both broadcasted in Japan and Taiwan. The theory of Individualism versus Collectivism from Hofstede is used as a basis of this study. Moreover, the other factors such as country of origin and viewers’ profile have specific effects toward our findings as well. The content analysis was applied to analyze the data collected from the message board.
The practical research relates to the objective of customers and the segmentation of products by analyzing the data of a company. There are important implications of cross-cultural customers and marketing practices according to this research. The future research is expected by examining other aspects of relative issues.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................... I
ABSTRACT............................................II
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...............................III
Chapter Page
ONE INTRODUCTION
Research Background ................................1
Research Objectives ................................4
Research Structure and Research Flow ...............5
TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction ...................................8
2.2 Virtual Community ..............................8
2.2.1 Definition of Virtual Community ..........9
2.2.2 Characteristics of Virtual Community .....12
2.2.3 Classification of Virtual Community ......15
2.3 Discussion Forum ...............................18
2.4 Culture ........................................20
2.4.1 Individualism vs. Collectivism ...........21
2.4.2 The Elementary Forms of Social Behavior...28
2.5 The Usage of Internet ..........................30
THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction ...................................32
3.2 Research Methodology ...........................32
3.2.1 The Research Question ....................33
3.2.2 The Target of Message ....................35
3.2.3 Sampling .................................37
3.2.4 Units of Measurement .....................41
3.2.5 Coding ...................................47
3.2.6 Reliability ..............................47
FOUR RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND RESULT
4.1 Introduction ...................................51
4.2 Exploratory Discussion Between Two Cultures ....52
4.2.1 The Culture Dimension ....................58
4.2.2 The Viewers’ Profile Dimension ..........60
4.2.3 The Usage of Internet ....................63
4.3 Percentage Analysis of Different Origins of Drama..64
4.3.1 Brief Introduction of Each Origins of Drama..65
4.3.2 Discussion of the Percentage of Topics Part..66
4.3.3 Discussion of the Percentage of Messages Part69
4.4 Exploratory Discussion of Different Origins of Drama.72
4.4.1 The Culture Dimension..........................75
4.4.2 The Viewers Profile Dimension..................79
4.4.3 The Popularity of Drama Dimension .............81
FIVE CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Conclusions .........................................83
5.2 Marketing Implications ..............................87
5.3 Limitations and Recommendations......................89
REFERENCE................................................91
APPENDICES...............................................97
Appendix One The Verbatim of Topics Part of Each Drama...97
Appendix Two The Verbatim of Messages Part...............108
Amitay E., Paris C. (2000), “Automatically Summarising Web Sites – is there a way around it?” ACM 9th International Conference On Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2000), Washington DC, U.S.A., 173-179.
Anderson, W.T. (1999) “Communities in a world of open systems,” Futures, 31, 457-63
Barcus, F. E. (1959), Communications Content: Analysis of the Research,Unpublished doctor’s dissertation, University of Illinois.
Billing, D. K. (1989), “Individualism and grouporientation,” in Heterogeneity in cross-cultural psychology, D. M. Keats, D. Munroe, and L. Mann (Eds.), Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger, 92-103.
Britt, S. H. (1950), “The Strategy of Consumer Motivation”, Journal of Marketing, 14 (5), 666-74.
Budd, R. W. (1964), U.S. news in the press down under, Public Opinion Quart., 8, 39-56
Catterall, Mirlam and Pauline Maclaran (2002), “Researching Consumers in Virtual Worlds: A cyberspace Odyssey”, Journal of Consumer Behavior, 1 (3), 228-36.
Chau, Patrick Y. K., Melissa Cole, Masey, Anne P., Mitzi Montoya-Weiss and O’Keefe, Robert M. (2002), “Cultural Differences in the Online Behavior of Consumers”, Association of Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 45 (October), 138- 43.
Danet, B., Ruedenberg, L., and Rosenbaum-Tamari, Y. (1998). “Hmmm… Where’s that smoke coming from? Writing, play and performance on Internet Relay Chat.” in Network and Netplay: Virtual groups on the Internet, F. Sudweeks, M. McLaughlin, and S. Rafaeli (Eds.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 41-76.
Fellman, M.W. (1999), “Breaking tradition,” Marketing Research, 11 (3), 20-4.
Fion S. L. Lee, Douglas Vogel, Moez Limayem (2003), JITTA : Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, Hong Kong, 5 (1), 47.
Fiske, A.P. (1990), Structures of Social Life: The Four Elementary Forms of Human Relations, New York: Free Press.
Fiske. A. P. (1992), “The Four Elementary Forms of Sociality: Framework for a Unified Theory of Social relations,” Psychological Review, 99, 689-723.
Fuller, K. and Adams, J. (1999), “Crossing the Respondent Divide,” paper presented at the AQRP Seminar, Association of Qualitative Research Practitioners, London, (June), 1-12.
Greenfild, P. M. (1994), “Independence and interdependence as developmental scripts: Implications for theory, research and practice,” in Cross-cultural roots of minority child development, P. M. Greenfield and R. R. Cocking (Eds.), Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawarence Erlbaum, 1-37.
Hagel, J. and A. Armstrong. (1997), Net Gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual Communities, Mass: Harvard Business School Press
Hamill, J. (1997), “The Internet and International marketing,” International Marketing Review, 14 (5), 300-323.
Ho, D. Y. F., and Chiu, C. Y. (1994), “Component ideas of individualism, collectivism and social organization: an application in the study of Chinese culture,” in Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications, U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, and G. Yoon (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 137-156.
Hofstede, Greet (1980), Culture’s Consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, Geert (1984), Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, Briarcliff Manor, 9 (3), 389-99
Holsti, O.R. (1969), Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Howard, R. (1993), The Virtual community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, Mass: Addison Wesley.
------------------- (1983), “The Culture Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories,” Journal of International Business Studies, 14 (Fall), 75-89.
Hui, C. H. (1988), “Measurement of individualism-collectivism,” Journal of Research on Personality, 22, 17-36.
Imms, M. (1999), “A Reassessment of the Roots and Theoretical Basis of Qualitative Market Research in the UK”, Paper presented at the Market Research Society Conference, Brighton.
Inkeles, A., and Smith, D. H. (1974), Becoming Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jones, Q. and S. Rafaeli. (2000), “Time to Split, Virtually:’Discourse Architecture’ and Community Building’ as means to Creating Vibrant Virtual Metropolises,” International Journal of Electronic Commerce and Business Media, 10 (4), 214-223.
Jones, S. (Ed.) (1999), Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Kagitcibasi, C. (1994), “A critical appraisal of individualism and collectivism: Toward a new formulation,” in Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications, Kim H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, and G. Yoon (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 52-65.
Kaplan, A., and J. M. Goldsen (1949), “The Reliability of Content Analysis Categories,”in The language of politics: Studies in Quantitative Semantics. H. D. Lasswell, N. Leites, R. Fadner, J. M. Goldsen, A. Gary, I. L. Janis, A. Kaplan, D. Kaplan, A. Mintz, I. De Sola Pool, and S. Yakobson,New York: George Steward, 83-112.
Kassarjian, Harold H. (1977), “Content Analysis in Consumer Research,” Journal of Consumer Research, 4 (June), 8-18
Kerlinger, F. N. (1964), Foundations of Behavioral Research: Educational and Psychological Inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Kiesler, S., and Sproull, L. (1992). “Group Decision Making and Communication Technology,” Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 52, 96-123.
Kozinets, R.V. (1999), “E-Tribalized Marketing?: The Strategic Implications of Virtual Communities of Consumption,” European Management Journal, 17 (3), 252-264
Lave J. and Wenger E. (1991), Situated Learning – Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press: New York.
Levy, S. J. (1958), “Symbols for Sale”, Harvard Business Review, 37 (4), 117-24.
List, D. (1998), “Letter to the Editor,” Research News, Market research Society of Australia, Sydney.
Macht, J. (1998), “The new Market Research,”, Inc, 20 (10), 86-94.
Maclaran, Pauline and Miriam Catterall. (2002), “Researching the Social Web: Marketing Information from Virtual Communities,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 20 (6), 319-326
Mariampolski, H. (1999), “The power of Ethnography”, Journal of the market Research Society, 41 (1), 75-86.
Markus, H., and Kitayama, S. (1991), “Culture and self Implications for Cognition, Emotion and Motivation,” Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994), “A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories of selves,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 568-579.
McWilliam, Gil (2000), “Building Stonger Brands through Online Communities,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 41 (3), 43-54.
Quelch, J. and Klein,L. (1996), “The Internet and international marketing”, Sloan Management Review,(Spring), 61-75
Radev D.R., Fan W., Zhang Z. (2001), WebInEssence: Summarization and Recommendation System. Workshop on Automatic Summarization, NAACL 2001, June, Pittsburgh, P.A.
Rheingold, H. (1993), Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, Addison-Wesley, New York, NT, USA. 5
Riedman, P. (2000), “Marketers harvest Web Communities’ Concealed Treasure,” Advertising Age, 71 (7), 7.
Romm, C. and R.J. Clarke.(1995), “Virtual Community Research Themes: A Preliminary Draft for A Comprehensive Model,” Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Conference On Information Systems, Perth
Romm, C., N. Pliskin, and R. Clarke. “Virtual Communities and Society: Toward an Integrative Three Phase Model,” International Journal of Information Management, 17 (4), 261-270.
Shea, C.Z. and LeBourveau, C. (2000), “Jumping the Hurdles of Marketing Research,” Marketing Research, 12 (3), 22-30.
Sinha, D. and Tripathi, R C. (1994), “Individualism in a Collectivist Culture: a Case of Coexistence of Opposites,” in Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications, U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, and G. Yoon (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 123-36.
Shweder, R.A., and Bourne, E.J. (1982), “Does the concept of person vary cross-culturally? “ in Cultural conceptions of mental health and therapy, A.J. Marsella and G. M. White (Eds.), London: Reidel, 97-137.
Tillet, L.S. (2000), “A 24-hour Focus Group – Sites Dig Into Search Queries to learn Consumer Preferences,” Internet Week, 10 (April), 170.
Triandis, H. C. (1990), “Cross-Cultural Studies of Individualism and Collectivism.: in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1989, J. Berman (Ed.), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 41-133.
------------------(1994), Culture and Social Behavior, New York: McGraw-Hill Press
------------------ (1994), “Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Collectivism and Individualism,” in Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications, U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitibasi, S. C. Choi, and G. Yoon (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
------------------ (1995), Individualism and collectivism, Boulder, Colorado: Westview.
------------------, Bontempo, R., Betancourt, H., Bond, M., Leung, K., Brenes, A., Georgas, J., Hui, C. H., Marin, G., Setiadi, B., Sinha, J. B. P., Verma, J., Spangenberg, J., Touzard, H., and de Montmollin, G. (1986). “The measurement of etic aspects of individualism and collectivism across cultures,” Australian Journal of Psychology, 38, 257-267.
------------------, Bontempo, R., Villareal, M. J., Asai, M., and Lucca, N. (1988), “Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self in-group relations,” Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323-338.
------------------ and J. W. Berry (Eds.) (1980), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
------------------, Leung, K., Villareal, M. and Clack, F. (1985), “Allocentric vs. idiocentric tendencies: Convergent and discriminant validation,” Journal of Research in Personality. 19, 395-415
Walther, J. B. (1996), “ Computer-mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal and Hyperpersonal Interaction,”Communication Research, 23 (1), 3-43.
Wellman, B., and Guila, M. (1999). “Net-Surfers don’t ride alone: Virtual Communities as Communities.” in B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in the Global Village , Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 331-366.
Werry, C. (1999), “Imagined Electronic Community: Representations of Virtual Community in Contemporary Business Discourse [Online].” First Monday, 4 (9), Avaiable: http://www.firstmonday.dk/.