本論文運用主成分分析法建構涵蓋93個國家的「全球氣候變遷趨勢指數」（Global Climate Change Trend Index, GCCTI），並比較中國與美國於2008至2022年間的氣候政策及成效。GCCTI係衡量全球及各國相關人類活動對全球氣候變遷惡化之相對貢獻程度，其數值代表全球及各國在研究所涵蓋之空間與時間樣本中的相對排序位置。該指數整合溫室氣體排放、能源活動、土地利用、人口與經濟發展等五大類別共11項變數，用以比較全球及各國不同年度的相對位置與變動趨勢。研究結果顯示，全球氣候變遷惡化趨勢仍未扭轉，並呈現新興國家相對貢獻程度上升較快、成熟工業國下降趨緩的雙重困境。
美國2022年GCCTI值居全球第一，但觀測期間內微幅下降，顯示其相對位置略有改善。美國透過綠色成長、清潔能源投資與技術創新，逐漸促使經濟成長與碳排放脫鉤；惟氣候政策易受政黨輪替影響，缺乏長期一致性。
中國2022年GCCTI值排名全球第三，且研究期間內持續上升，主要與國內生產總值、能源使用量及城市人口規模在全球樣本中的相對位置上升有關。儘管中國透過「五年規劃」降低碳排放強度並調整能源結構，但經濟規模、能源消費與工業活動所形成的規模效應，仍抵銷部分減碳成果。
兩國面臨不同的治理挑戰：美國須降低政黨輪替造成的政策震盪，維持長期穩定的制度安排；中國則須在經濟成長與低碳轉型間取得平衡，持續推動能源與產業結構的綠色轉型。

This dissertation constructs a Global Climate Change Trend Index (GCCTI) for 93 countries using principal component analysis and compares China and the United States from 2008 to 2022. The GCCTI measures the relative contribution of human activities to the worsening of global climate change and indicates the relative ranking of global and national observations across all countries and years included in the study. It integrates 11 variables across five dimensions.
The findings show that global climate deterioration has not been reversed. The United States ranked first in 2022, but its GCCTI value declined slightly as green growth, clean energy investment, and technological innovation promoted the gradual decoupling of economic growth from carbon emissions. China ranked third, and its value continued to rise because economic expansion, energy consumption, and urbanization offset part of the carbon-reduction gains achieved through its Five-Year Plans.

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