本文的討論將環繞於話語 (la parole) 的「表達」和「理解」兩者命題，以及兩者之間的銜接。這一原屬於語言範疇的命題將在本文中開啟多重維度的交叉討論。而本文主要會分成三個層次的討論去對此進行詳述。第一層討論首先會處理「表達」的命題，聚焦於梅洛龐蒂早期和中期的話語研究，重新爬梳語言結構和話語表達現象之間的矛盾，而試圖道出梅洛龐蒂如何藉由身體以及身體的動作性表達，消解其中的對立並重新塑造表達現象的「意義」。第二層討論將會就「理解」此一命題，引入拉岡學派為主的精神分析理論，解釋為何對於拉岡學派來說，主體自身的「理解」結構本身就是一個「誤識」 (méconnaissance) 結構。而在這一層討論之中，現象學和精神分析兩者對於主體∕身體觀的差異，以及其所衍伸的「理解」問題，也會在此產生交會和對立，最終成為本文所試圖解決的「表達與理解之間的斷裂」。在第三層討論中，本文將會進入梅洛龐蒂的晚期思想，藉由其晚期的「肉身」 (la chair) 概念，直面拉岡學派的「誤識」結構，試圖重構與「他人」關係中的理解可能性，並重新銜接表達與理解之間的斷裂。在最後的討論中，本文也將指出，梅洛龐蒂從早期到晚期的思想跨度，將「一個身體」的概念逐漸過渡到「肉身」概念。這一思想上的轉化不但解決了其早期表達現象無法突破個體邊界的事實，也藉由我與他者之間的「肉身」關係和「主體間性」，重新建立了表達與理解的可能性。

This thesis revolves around the two propositions of the "expression" and "understanding" of speech (la parole), as well as the bridge connecting them. Originally belonging to the domain of linguistics, these propositions open up a multi-dimensional cross-examination in this study, which unfolds through three levels of analytical levels.
The first level addresses the proposition of "expression." Focusing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's early and middle studies of speech, it re-examines the tension between linguistic structures and the phenomenon of speech expression. It illuminates how Merleau-Ponty dissolves this opposition and reshapes the "meaning" of phenomenon of expression through the body and its corporeal and gestural expressions. The second level introduces Lacanian psychoanalysis to interrogate the proposition of "understanding." It elucidates why, for the Lacanian school, the subject's own structure of "understanding" is inherently a structure of "misrecognition" (méconnaissance). At this level, the difference between phenomenology and psychoanalysis regarding the concept of subject/body—and the resultant problem of understanding—converges and collides, ultimately giving rise to the "rupture between expression and understanding" that this thesis seeks to resolve. The third level enters Merleau-Ponty's late philosophy. By appealing to his late concept of the "flesh" (la chair), this study directly confronts the Lacanian structure of misrecognition, attempts to reconstruct the possibility of understanding within the relationship with the "Other," and bridges the rupture between expression and understanding. Ultimately, this thesis demonstrates that Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical trajectory transitions from "a single body" to the "flesh." This conceptual transformation not only overcomes the limitation of his early phenomenon of expression—which failed to transcend individual boundaries—but also re-establishes the possibility of expression and understanding through the relationship of "flesh" and intersubjectivity between the Self and the Other.

沈志中 (2019)。《永夜微光─拉岡與未竟之精神分析革命》。台北市：台大出版中心出版：台大發行。
梅洛龐蒂 (2007)。《眼與心》，龔卓軍譯。台北市：典藏藝術家庭。
陳榮華 (2017)。《海德格《存有與時間》闡釋》。台北市：台大出版中心出版：台大發行。
斯拉維．紀傑克 (2004)。《神經質主體》，萬毓澤譯。台北縣新店市：桂冠。
羅浩瑜 (2024)。〈愛的觀看：從梅洛龐蒂的晚期思想反省精神分析之愛〉，《新哲人》。第一期，頁19-33。
Bergson, Henri (2005). Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books.
Dolar, Mladen (1996). “At First Sight”. Gaze and Voice as Love Objects. Durham: Duke University Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1987). “Technology and Science as “Ideology””. Towards a Rational Society: Student Protest, Science, and Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Heidegger, Martin (2019). Being and Time. Eastford: Martino Fine Books.
Lacan, Jacques-Marie-Émile (2006). “Logical Time and the Assertion of Anticipated Certainty”. Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Lacan, Jacques-Marie-Émile (2006). “The Mirror Stage as Formative of the I Function”. Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Lacan, Jacques-Marie-Émile (1978). “The Split between the Eye and the Gaze”. The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Lacan, Sibylle (2019). A Father PUZZLE. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
McNulty, Tracy (2014). Wrestling with Angel: Experiments in Symbolic Life. New York: Columbia University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1963). The Structure of Behavior. Boston: Beacon Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1964). “The Child’s Relationship with Others”. The Primacy of Perception. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1964). “Eye and Mind”. The Primacy of Perception. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1964). “Indirect Language and the Voice of Silence”. Signs. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1964). “On the Phenomenology of Language”. Signs. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1968). The Visible and The Invisible. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1973). “The specter of Pure Language”. The Prose of the World. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1973). “Science and the Experience of Expression”. The Prose of the World. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1973). “Dialogue and the Perception of the Other”. The Prose of the World. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (2002). Phenomenology of Perception. London & New York: Routledge.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (2004). The World of Perception. London & New York: Routledge.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (2010). Child Psychology and Pedagogy: The Sorbonne Lectures 1949-1952. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Žižek, Slavoj (1999). The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. London and New York: Verso.

梅洛龐蒂法文原著參考資料
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1945). Phénoménologie de la perception. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1960). Signes. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1964). Le visible et l’invisible. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1964). L’œil et l’Esprit. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1969). La prose du monde. Québec: Les classiques des sciences sociales.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (2002). Causeries: 1948. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (2013). La structure du comportement. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.