無

Following an exploration of the CBC’s history and role in Canadian society, this study offers an empirical examination of user generated content (UGC) at cbc.ca measuring the comment type, interactive exchange level, address features and national identity relevance of user comments. The entire comment threads of eleven stories from early 2010 are sampled and content analyzed. Results demonstrate that the vast majority of UGC at cbc.ca is not one-way as opposed to two-wayin nature and that – contrary to the CBC’s historic role – the national discussion is divisive as opposed to unifying. Finally, a discussion of how the CBC could improve its interactive functionalityis presented. Suggestions include recommending that the CBC clearly state the intention for interactive functionality, that the government re-formulate the CBC’s mandate and budget, and, most importantly, that the CBC consider a re-design of its interactive functionality.

Anderson, B. R. (1983). Imagined Communities : Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Avery, R. K., & Ellis, D. G. (1979). Talk Radio as an Interpersonal Phenomenon. In G. Gumpert & R. Cathcart (Eds.), Inter/Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bardoel, J., & d'Haenens, L. (2008). Public Service Broadcasting in Converging Media Modalities: Practices and Reflections from the Netherlands. Convergence, 14(3), 10.
Barmak, S. (2009, March 15). Time to re-think CBC funding? The Toronto Star. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/602565
Beatty, P. (1998). New Media, New CBC. Retrieved March 22, 2009, from http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/speeches/19981124.shtml
Beatty, P. (1999a). Our Commitment to Canadians: A New CBC in a New Environment. Retrieved Oct. 07, 2009, from http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/speeches/19990203.shtml
Beatty, P. (1999b). Our Commitment to Canadians: The CBC's Strategic Plan. Retrieved Oct. 07, 2009, from http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/speeches/19990331.shtml
Benkler, Y., & Nissenbaum, H. (2006). Commons-based Peer Production and Virtue. Journal of Political Philosophy, 14(4), 394-419.
Beuchot, A., & Bullen, M. (2005). Interaction and interpersonality in online discussion forums. [Article]. Distance Education, 26(1), 67-87.
Billig, M. (1995). Banal Nationalism. London ; Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage.
Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (2001). The New Media and our Political Communication Discontents: Democratizing Cyberspace. Information, Communication & Society, 4(1), 1-13.
Bohman, J. (2004). Expanding Dialogue: The Internet, the Public Sphere and Prospects for Transnational Democracy. In N. Crossley & M. J. Roberts (Eds.), After Habermas: New Perspectives on the Public Sphere. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bracken, M., & Balfour, A. (2004). Public Service Interactivity and the BBC. In D. Tambini & J. Cowling (Eds.), From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Communications. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Buber, M. (1985). Between Man and Man. New York: Collier Books.
Bucy, E. P. (2004). Interactivity in Society: Locating an Elusive Concept. The Information Society, 20, 11.
Canada. (1951). Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences. Retrieved Sept. 26, 2009, from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/massey/h5-400-e.html
Canada. (1957). Royal Commission on Broadcasting, Report.
Canada. (1991). Broadcasting Act.Unpublished manuscript, Canada.
Canada. (2009). CRTC Role in Regulating Broadcasting and Telecommunications Systems. Retrieved Sept. 26, 2009, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/backgrnd/brochures/b29903.htm
Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of the Network Society. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
CBC. (2008). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Annual Report 2007-2008: CBC.
CBC. (2009a). 2008-2009 Annual Report. Retrieved Dec. 20, 2009, from http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/annualreports/2008-2009/index.shtml
CBC. (2009b). CBC.ca - Submissions. Retrieved Oct. 2, 2009, from http://www.cbc.ca/aboutcbc/discover/submissions.html
CBC. (2009c). Your Comments II: News from the Moderators. Retrieved March 17, 2009, from http://www.cbc.ca/aboutcbc/discover/submissions.html
CBC. (2010a). 2 Canadians jailed for trying to help Tamil Tigers. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2010/01/23/tor-tamils-jail-arms.html
CBC. (2010b). Canada bans Baffin Bay polar bear exports. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2010/01/22/cda-baffin-pbears.html
CBC. (2010c). Canada wants lead in Haiti reconstruction. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/01/21/canada-haiti-reconstruction021.html
CBC. (2010d). Canadian pleads not guilty to Mumbai massacre. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2010/01/25/chicago-mumbai-terror-100125.html
CBC. (2010e). Charest may face asbestos protests in India. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2010/01/29/qc-charest-protests-india-asbestos.html
CBC. (2010f). Family weeps as soldier's body returns to Canada. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2010/01/19/canada-repatriation-100119.html
CBC. (2010g). Haitian adoptees arrive in Canada. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2010/01/24/haiti-orphans.html
CBC. (2010h). Hughes named Canada's Olympic flag-bearer. Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/story/2010/01/29/spo-hughes-flagbearer.html
CBC. (2010i). Target considers Canadian expansion. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/01/22/consumer-target.html
CBC. (2010j). U.S. printer to swallow former Quebecor World Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/01/26/quebecor-world-quad-graphics-takeover.html
CBC. (2010k). UFC champ takes punch at Canadian health care. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2010, from http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2010/01/21/mb-lesnar-health-care-criticism-manitoba.html
Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils: Online News Producers' Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence, 13(1), 43-61.
Coleman, S. (2004). From Service to Commons: Re-inventing a Space for Public Communication. In D. Tambini & J. Cowling (Eds.), From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Communications. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Dahlberg, L. (2001). The Internet and Democratic Discourse: Exploring the Prospects of Online Deliberative Forums Extending the Public Sphere. Information, Communication & Society, 4, 615-633.
de Cilla, R., Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (1999). The Discursive Construction of National Identities. Discourse Society, 10(2), 149-173.
Deuze, M. (2006). Ethnic media, community media and participatory culture. Journalism, 7(3), 262-280.
Domingo, D., Quandt, T., Heinonen, A., Paulussen, S., Singer, J. B., & Vujnovic, M. (2008). Participatory Journalism Practices in the Media and Beyond. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 18.
Eriksen, T. H. (2007). Nationalism and the Internet. Nations and Nationalism, 13, 1-17.
Ferguson, S. (2007). Locking Out the Mother Corp: Nationalism and Popular Imaginings of Public Service Broadcasting in the Print News Media. [Article]. Canadian Journal of Communication, 32, 181-200.
Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ha, L., & James, E. L. (1998). Interactivity reexamined: A baseline analysis of early business Web sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 456.
Hartley, P. (1999). Interpersonal Communication (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Havick, J. (2000). The impact of the Internet on a television-based society. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0160-791X(00)00008-7]. Technology in Society, 22(2), 273-287.
Hermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2007). Comments please: How the British news media are struggling with user-generated content. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://online.journalism.utexas.edu/2007/papers/Hermida.pdf
Hermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A Clash of Cultures. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 14.
Kiousis, S. (2002). Interactivity: a concept explication. New Media Society, 4(3), 355-383.
Lanier, J. (2006). Digital Maoism: The Hazards of New Online Collectivism. Edge Retrieved Sept. 22, 2009, from http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/lanier06/lanier06_index.html
Lombard, M., Snyder-Duch, J., & Campanella Bracken, C. (2002). Content analysis in mass communication: Assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28(4), 18.
Lowrey, W., & Anderson, W. (2005). The Journalist Behind the Curtain: Participatory Functions on the Internet and their Impact on Perceptions of the Work of Journalism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(3), 00-00.
Massey, B. L., & Levy, M. L. (1999). Interactivity, Online Journalism, and English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 138-151.
McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, Communication, and Participation: The Role of Mass Media and Interpersonal Discussion in Local Political Participation. Political Communication, 16, 22.
McMillan, S. J. (2002). Exploring Models of Interactivity from Multiple Research Traditions: Users, Documents, and Systems. In L. Lievrouw & S. M. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Consequences of ICTs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Moe, H. (2008). Public Service Media Online? Regulating Public Broadcasters' Internet Services: A Comparative Analysis. Television and New Media, 9(3), 19.
Murdock, G. (2004). Building the Digital Commons: Public Broadcasting in the Age of the Internet. Montreal: University of Montreal.
Newhagen, J. E., Cordes, J. W., & Levy, M. R. (1995). Nightly@nbc.com: Audience Scope and the Perception of Interactivity in Viewer Mail on the Internet. The Journal of Communication, 45(3), 164-175.
Nielsen. (2009). Nielsen Net Ratings. Retrieved Sept. 26, 2009, from http://en-us.nielsen.com/tab/product_families/nielsen_netratings
Nissen, C. S. (2006). Public Service Media in the Information Society. Strasbourg: Media Division, Directorate General of Human Rights, Council of Europe.
O'Keefe, A. (2002). Exploring Indices of National Identity in a Corpus of Radio Phone-in Data from Irish Radio. In A. S. Macarro (Ed.), Windows on the World: Media Discourses in English. Valencia: Universitat de València.
O'Neill, B. (2006). CBC.ca: Broadcast Sovereignty in a Digital Environment. Convergence, 12(2), 179-197.
Paulussen, S., Heinonen, A., Domingo, D., & Quandt, T. (2007). Doing It Together: Citizen Participation In The Professional News Making Process. Observatorio, 1(3).
Paulussen, S., & Ugille, P. (2008). User Generated Content in the Newsroom: Professional and Organizational Constraints on Participatory Journalism. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 5(2), 24-41.
Pavlick, J. V. (1998). New Media Technology: Cultural and Commercial Perspectives. London: Kogan Page Limited.
Raboy, M. (1990). Missed Opportunities: The Story of Canada's Broadcasting Policy. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Raboy, M. (1995). Influencing public policy on Canadian broadcasting. Canadian Public Administration, 38(3), 411-432.
Rafaeli, S. (1998). Interactivity: From New Media to Communication. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wiemann & S. Pingress (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Savage, P. (2006). The Audience Massage: Audience Research and Canadian Public Broadcasting. Amsterdam: RIPE@2006.
Senate. (2006). Final Report on the Canadian News Media. Retrieved Dec. 20, 2009, from http://www.parl.gc.ca/39/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/Com-e/tran-e/rep-e/repfinjun06vol2-e.htm#_Toc138068461
Simpson, J. (2009, March 13). A beleagured CBC should ask itself: Who cares? The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090313.wcosimp14/BNStory/specialComment/home
Thurman, N. (2008). Forums for Citizen Journalists? Adoption of User Generated Content Initiatives by Online News Media. New Media & Society, 10(1).
Trenholm, S., & Jensen, A. (2000). Interpersonal Communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Turow, J. (1974). Talk Show Radio as Interpersonal Communication. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 18(2), 20.