公用事業之訂價影響公眾利益極大，所以如何擬訂適當的價格，一直是公用事業經營者與費率審議者的研究課題。本文針對公用事業在既定盈餘目標下，如何運用Ramsey訂價與兩部訂價追求社會福利極大，作為本文的研究方向。

本文之訂價模型可分成兩類：

第一、公用事業產品僅作為最終消費財。

第二、公用事業產品既可作為最終消費財，亦可作為生產投入。

在第一類模型中，我們針對不同所得階層，制訂線性差別取價與兩部訂價差別取價。由模型推導可知，效率、公平與風險因素決定最適價格之訂定，而且在特殊條件下，公用事務之訂價原則符合租稅理論中之受益原則與邊際相等?牲原則。

在第二類模型中，我們針對不同用戶一下游廠商及居民，制訂線性差別取價與兩部訂價差別取價。文中除了推導上述兩種訂價公式，並探討以邊際成本作為兩部訂價之最適單位售價的條件，以及探討在線性訂價之外，增收定額費的條件。

希望透過本文的訂價理論研究，能夠增進大家對公用事業訂價決策因素的了解。

1.林忠正(1993) , "兼顧公平與效率的兩部訂價模型"，人文及社會
科學集刊，第6卷第一期， 97-112 。
2. Atkinson, A. B. and Stiglitz, J. E. (1980), Lectures on Public Economics,
McGraw-Hill, New York.
3. Auerbach, A. J. and Pellechio, A. J. (1978), "The Two-Part Tariff and
Voluntary Market Participation", Quarterly Journal of Economics 92,
571-587.
4. Baumol, W. J. and Bradford, D. F. (1970), "Optimal Departures from
Marginal Cost Pricing", American Economic Review 60,265-283 .
5. Bos, D. (1985), "Public Sector Pricing", in Auerbach, A. J. and Feldstein,
M. (ed.) Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. 1, NorthHolland,
New York.
6. Brown, S. J. and Sibley, D. S. (1986), The Theory of Public Utility
Pricing, Vambridge University Press, London.
7. Coase, H. R. (1946), "The Marginal Cost Controversy", Economica
13,169-189.
8. Feldstein, M. S. (1972 a), "Distributional Equity and the Optimal
Structure of Public Prices", American Economic Review 62,32-36.
9. (1972 b), "Equity and Efficiency in Public Sector Pricing: the
Optimal Two-Part Tariff", Quarterly Journal of Economics 86, 175-187.
10. Gabor, A. (1955), "A Note on Block Tariffs", Review of Economic
Studies 23, 32-41.
11. Leland, H. E. and Meyer, R. A. (1976), "Monopoly Pricing Structures
with Imperfect Discrimination", Bell Journal of Economics 7, 449-462.
12. Littlechild, S. C. (1975), "Two-Part Tariff and Consumption Externalities",
Bell Journal of Economics 6, 661-670.
13. Meyer, R. A. (1975), "Monopoly Pricing and Capacity Choice under
Umcertainty", American Economic Review 65, 326-337.
14. Murphy, M. M. (1977), "Price Discrimination, Market Separation, and
the Multi-part Tariff', Economic Inquiry 15,587-599.
15. Ng, Y. and Weisser, M. (1974), "Optimal Pricing with a Budget Constraint
- the Case of the Two-Part Tariff', Review of Economic Studies
41,337-345.
16. Just, R. E., Hueth, D. L. and Schmitz, A. (1982), Applied Welfare
Economics and Public Policy, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
17. Oi, W. (1971), "A Disneyland Dilemma: Two-Part Tariffs for a
Michey Mouse Monopoly", Quarterly Journal of Economics 85, 77-96.
18. Ordover, J. A. and Panzar, J. C. (1980), "On the Nonexistence of
Pareto Superior Outlay Schedules", Bell Journal of Economics 11,
351-354.
19. ------(1982), "On the Nonlinear Pricing of Inputs", International
Economic Review 23, 659-675.
20. Panzar, J. C. and Sibley, D. S. (1989), "Optimal Two-Part Tariffs for
Inputs the Case of Imperfect Competition", Journal of Public Economics
40, 237-249.
21. Sandmo, A. (1976), "Optimal Taxation - an Introduction to the Literature",
Journal of Public Economics 6, 37-54.
22. Scott, F. A. and Morrell, S. O. (1985), "Two-Part Pricing for a Multi Product
Monopolist", Economic Inquiry 24, 295-307.
23. Shennan, R. and Visscher, M. (1982), "Rate of Return Regulation and
Two-Part Tariffs", Quarterly Journal of Economics 97, 27-42.
24. Tschirhart, J. (1980), "On Public Utility Pricing under Stochastic Demand",
Scottish Journal of Political Economy 27, 216-234.
25. Varian, H. (1989), "Price Discrimination", in Handbook of Industrial
Organization, Vol. 1, Edited by Schmalensee , R. and Willig, R. D.
26. ------ (1992), Microeconomic Analysis, Norton, New York.
27. Willig, R. D. (1976), "Consumer's Surplus Without Apology", American
Economic Review 66, 597-599.
28. ------ (1978), "Pareto-Superior Nonlinear Outlay Schedule", Bell
Journal of Economics 9, 56-69.
29 . Yang, C. C. (1992), "Optimal Linear Income Tax With Random Revenue";
Journal of Public Economics 52, 391-401.
30. Young, A. R. (1991), "Transaction Cost, Two-Part Tariffs, and Collusion",
Economic Inquiry 29, 590-591.