國的組織與管理的研究結果，一直被奉為放諸四海　皆準，具普遍性的原

則，直到日本成為經濟上的強權後，這個迷思才被打破。頓時之間，日本

式的管理為舉世所矚目，使「文化」的因素受到研究者的重視。傳統中中

國文化對領導的研究車載斗量，但今日的中國管理者究竟從文化中繼承了

多少領導的技能及藝術，則不是一件很容易測定的事。本文基於不同的國

家文化滲透到現代的組織體中，會創造出彼此具有不同風貌的組織文化之

假定，採取比較管理的途徑和文獻探討的研究方法，探討中日兩國一般組

織的組織文化與領導型態間的關係。基於以上的認知，本論文的章節安排

如下：第一章緒論主要是說明本論文的研究動機及目的，研究方法及限制

及所採取的研究架構。 第二章是理論基礎的部分，主旨在說明領導與組

織文化的關係：領導的效能主要在於將組織中的各項活動賦予意義，以影

響組織成員的思考方式及心智過程，由於領導者所既有的思想及情感形態

，深受文化因素的影響。因此，領導者與組織文化間存著這個矛盾：領導

者創造組織文化，然而組織文化也形塑了繼任領導者的行為。另外，本章

並提出 Quinn 及 McGrath 的競值途徑 (Competing Values

Approach)來分析組織文化類型及領導型態之間的關連性。第三章為對日

本一般組織中的領導及組織文化作一番分析和說明。根據 Schein 所臚列

之組織文化的五種基本假設，來說明日本的文化是如何滲透入管理實務中

，形成其獨特的組織文化。並配合Quinn及McGrath的分析架構和許多領導

的事例來闡述日本式領導的特徵。第四章亦是根據Schein提出的五種基本

假設，來探討在中國化影響下，我國一般組織的組織文化的基本型態，以

及其與領導之間的關係。同時採用 Hofstede 對組織工作價值觀分析架構

中的兩個面向：權力差距、個人主義 vs.集體主義，來比較中日兩國領導

行為的差異。並希望能對未來中國式管裡的發展有所啟迪。第五章結論乃

是將研究結果，做一番綜合、撮要，並提出以下建議：面對文化及價值觀

快速變遷的情況，洞察未來及勇於創新的領導特質顯得益形重要；此外，

領導者如何處理文化價值體系的變遷、中國式管理理論的發展以及公共行

政理論本土化等問題，都是未來進一步研究的重要課題。

一、 中文部分

文崇一　
　民國78年　中國人的價值觀　台北：東大。
田原總一朗著
　民國79年　領導藝術　台北：中央日報出版部。
江岷欽
　民國78年　「組織文化研究途徑之分析」，中國行政，48，36-41頁。
　民國82年　組織分析，　台北：五南圖書出版公司。
Deal, T. E&Kennedy, A. A. 著，江玲譯
1989年　塑造企業文化　台此：經濟與生活出版公司。
吳定
　民國77年　公共行政論　台北：天一圖書公司。
吳瓊恩
　民國82年 (a)公共行政教育內涵與方向，國立政治大學學報第66，期1-20頁。
(b)行政學的範圍與方法，台北：五南圖書出版公司。
吳秉恩
1986 組織行為學，台北：華泰書局。
吳焰修
民76 「組織文化之研究－理論與應用之探討」政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文
何友暉
　民國80年　「中國社會的權威主義與社會演變」，領導與改革，台北：商務印書館。
林顯宗著
　民國75年　日本式企業經營－組織的社會學分析，台北：五南圖書出版公司。
邱永漢
　民國82年　中國人與日本人　台北：財訊出版公司。
金耀基
　民國75年　從傳統到現代　台北：時報文化出版公司。
侯家駒
　民國73年　「先秦儒法兩家管理觀念之比較研究」，中國式管理，台北：時報公司，59-73。
Mark Zimnerman原著，洪鯤譯
民國78年 如何與日本人做生意，台北：故鄉出版有限公司。
Redding, G. 原著，唐文漢譯
民國80年 (a)「華南亞華僑之領導與管理習慣」，領導與革新，台北：商務印書館。
(b)「領導類型－西方與日本型式」，領導與革新，台北：商務印書館。
高尚仁、伍錫康
民國77年 組織行為學，台北：三民書局。
許士軍
民國73年 「從比較觀點探討中國式管理理論之發展」，中國式管理研討會實錄，台北：時報公司75-96頁。
陳其南、邱淑如
民國73年 「企業組織的基本型態與傳統家庭制度」，中國式管理研討會實錄，台北：時報文化出版公司。
陳明璋
民國73年 「家族文化與企業管理」，中國式管理研討會實錄，台北：時報文化出版公司，487-508頁。
陳華廷
民國73年 「管理學基礎與中國文化－一個初步性的探討」，中國式管理研討會實錄，台北：時報文化出版公司。
張芳民
民國81年 企業文化與經營策略，中油公司：企業文化研究班報告書。
Hamilton, Gary G著，張維安、陳介玄、瞿本瑞譯
民國79年 「市場、文化與權威：遠東地區管理與組織的比較分析」，中國社會與經濟，台北：聯經出版社。
梁漱溟
民國71年 中國文化要義，台北：里仁書局。
鹽澤茂著，游枝譯
民國79年 松下與本田的跨國經營策略，台北：台灣英文雜誌社。
喬健
民國80年 「做官與做事－論官僚行為與革新」，領導與改革，台北：商務印書館。
曾仕強
民國76年 現代化的中國式管理，台北：經濟日報社。
傅佩榮
民國80年 科學與現代世界。台北：黎明文化事業公司。
河野豐弘著，彭德中譯
民國79年 改造企業文化：如何使企業展現活力，台北：遠流。
池田政次郎著，葛東萊譯
民國81年 日本商魂，台北：長河出版社。
Crapa, F. 著，蔡伸章譯
1986年 轉捩點－科學、社會與新興文化，台北：牛頓出版社。
鄭伯壎、莊仲仁
民國73年 「領導行為概念枝文化差異的實徵研究」中國式管理研究討會實錄，台北：時報文化出版公司：511-536頁。
鄭耀本
民國81年 日本高階經營管理與經營策略，台北：五南圖書出版公司。
松本一男著，歐陽文譯
1992年 中國人與日本人，台北：新潮社。
蕭公權
民國75年 中國政治思想史，台北：聯經。
蕭武桐
民國76年 「禪與事業發展」，公共行政，22期。
民國80年 公務倫理的理論與應用，台北：時英出版社。
譚潔芝
民國81年 「組織文化的意義、類型、及在管理上的運作」，文化大學，政治學報。

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