近年來，公共圖書館面臨數位科技發展、社會需求多元化，以及經費、人力與資源有限等挑戰，逐漸透過與社區建立合作關係，整合外部資源，拓展服務內容與公共價值。因此，本研究整合社會資本理論與資源依賴理論作為分析架構，探討公共圖書館與社區合作發展的潛力，並分析兩種理論在合作形成、運作及發展歷程中的作用，以理解公共圖書館與社區合作的發展機制。本研究以公共圖書館的觀點為主要分析，採用個案研究法，選定國立臺灣圖書館與國立公共資訊圖書館為研究對象，透過文獻分析建立理論基礎，並以半結構式深度訪談蒐集資料，了解公共圖書館與社區合作的動態關係。
研究結果顯示，國立臺灣圖書館與國立公共資訊圖書館兩個個案皆呈現公共圖書館在原有資訊服務角色基礎上，逐漸延伸為整合社會資源、促進跨組織協作及創造公共價值的重要平台。本研究歸納公共圖書館與社區合作之發展歷程，可分為需求辨識、資源盤點、關係建立、服務共創與永續治理五個階段。合作主要由資源需求、政策任務及服務拓展所驅動，並透過資源盤點尋找互補性合作夥伴。社會資本理論說明信任、互惠及社會網絡對合作形成與維持的重要性，而資源依賴理論則解釋公共圖書館如何透過資源交換與整合回應資源限制，兩者共同詮釋合作關係的形成、運作與持續發展。本研究建議公共圖書館可建立合作夥伴評估與資源盤點機制、強化跨組織信任與溝通機制、推動合作制度化與知識傳承，以及培養合作治理能力，擴展公共圖書館在社區中的社會影響力，並達到永續發展。

In recent years, public libraries have increasingly developed collaborative relationships with communities to address challenges including digital development, diverse social needs, and limited resources. This study integrates Social Capital Theory and Resource Dependence Theory to explore the mechanisms of public library–community collaboration. Adopting a qualitative case study approach from the perspective of public libraries, this study selected the National Taiwan Library and the National Library of Public Information as research cases. Data were collected through literature analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews.
The findings reveal that both libraries have extended their roles beyond information service providers to become platforms for social resource integration, cross-organizational collaboration, and public value creation. The development of collaboration can be categorized into five stages: needs identification, resource assessment, relationship building, service co-creation, and sustainable governance. Social Capital Theory highlights the role of trust, reciprocity, and social networks in maintaining collaboration, while Resource Dependence Theory explains how libraries address resource limitations through resource exchange and integration. Together, these theories explain the formation and development of collaborative relationships. This study suggests that public libraries strengthen partnership evaluation, resource integration, communication mechanisms, and collaborative governance to enhance social impact and achieve sustainable development.

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