以哲學的角度來關注自我、他人與世界的關係，可以從各種面向來談論，這其
中包括意識、行動等關鍵概念，柏格森以「生命綿延」為存在的基本單元，在
創造的過程中，融合意識與行動於生命的整體經驗之中。德勒茲的柏格森詮
釋，對此創造過程進行了存有學的奠基，以「虛擬性」為柏格森哲學的最終原
則，形成了一種柏格森主義。本論文試圖延著德勒茲的柏格森詮釋，返回柏格
森的諸文本，考察柏格森與德勒茲詮釋下的柏格森面對虛擬的方式與態度有何
異同，進而呈顯出各自對生命創造的動態存有論之理論特徵與意蘊。從而，可
以藉由對意識與行動處理方式的展開，以更新的態度與眼界去重新面對自我、
他人與世界的關係。

本論文將於第一章概述德勒茲的《柏格森主義》之詮釋脈絡與相關問題；第二
章將帶出與意識及行動相關的身心問題，如何在柏格森的哲學脈絡下轉換為動
態生命之虛擬與現實的問題；第三章將從意識層面處理生命綿延與自由行動之
關係與連結；第四章將從行動層面帶出生命綿延之創造過程的特徵與意義。並
在經過考察之後，於結論提示出柏格森的哲學在德勒茲詮釋之外的其他意涵與
在當代脈絡下的可能發展。
關

From the philosophical point of view, the relationships between self, others, and world are considered in various ways, which include consciousness, action and other
key concepts. Henri Bergson suggested "duration of life" as the basic unity of the existence. In the process of creating , consciousness and action are integrated into the
whole experience of life. According to Gilles Deleuze's interpretation of Bergson, the process of creating became the foundation of Bergson’s ontology. The concept of
"virtuality" palys the role as the ultimate principle of the philosophy of Bergson, and therefore, the interpretation forms a kind of bergsonism. In this paper, with the context of the Deleuze’s interpretation of Bergson, the author tries to return to the Bergson’s own texts , examine the similar or different points of view and attitudes toward "virtual" between the Deleuze’s interpretation of Bergson and Bergson himself, and then manifest the theorical characteristics and meanings of their dynamic ontologies in life creating. Eventually, after disclosing the operations of consciousness and action, one can get an attitude and a horizon renewed to rehold the relationships between self, others, and world.

In the first chapter, it will focus on Deleuze's "Bergsonism", elucidating the context of
interpretation and the related issues; in the second chapter, it will bring out that in the context of Bergson's philosophy, how the mind and body issue related to consciousness and action concerns about the issue of dynamic life between virtual and actual.; in the third chapter, from the consciousness side, it will deal with the
relationships and connections between duration of life and free act; in the fourth chapter, from the action side, it will deal with the characteristics and meanings in the
process of creating of duration of life. After the examinations, the conclusion will suggest the other significations of Bergson’s philosophy except of Deleuze's
interpretation and explore the potential developments in the contemporary thinking.

一、柏格森專著與譯本
Bergson, Henri, Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience,Paris: P.U.F., Quadrige, 2005.

Bergson, Henri, and Frank Lubecki Pogson, Time and Free Will, An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness, New York: Dover, 2001.

Bergson, Henri, Matière et mémoire: essai sur la relation du corps à l'esprit, Paris: P.U.F., Quadrige, 2004.

Bergson, Henri, Nancy Margaret Paul, and William Scott Palmer, Matter and Memory, New York: Zone Books, 1988.

Bergson, Henri, L'évolution créatrice, Paris: P.U.F., Quadrige, 2007.

Bergson, Henri, and Arthur Mitchell, Creative Evolution, New York: Modern library, 1944.

Bergson, Henri, La pensée et le mouvant, Paris: P.U.F., Quadrige, 2009.

Bergson, Henri, and Mabelle Louise Cunningham Andison, The Creative Mind: an introduction to metaphysics, New York: Dover, 2007

Bergson, Henri, L’énergie spirituelle, Paris: P.U.F., Quadrige, 2009.

Bergson, Henri, and Herbert Wildon Carr, Mind-energy, lectures and essays,U.S.A.: Greenwood, 1975.

二、德勒茲專著與譯本

Deleuze, Gilles, Le Bergsonisme, Paris: P.U.F., Quadrige, 1998.

Deleuze, Gilles and Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, Bergsonism.New York: Zone Books, 2006.

Deleuze, Gilles, and David Lapoujade, L’île déserte et autres textes: textes et entretiens 1953-1974., Paris: Minuit, 2002.

Deleuze, Gilles, Desert islands and other texts, 1953-1974, Los Angeles, CA:Semiotext(e), 2004.

Deleuze, Gilles, Différence et répétition, Paris: P.U.F., 1976.

Deleuze, Gilles, and Paul Patton, Difference and Repetition, London:Continuum, 2001.

Deleuze, Gilles, Cinéma 1: L'image-mouvement, Paris: Minuit, 1983.

Deleuze, Gilles, Cinema 1: The Movement-Image, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

Deleuze, Gilles, Cinéma 2: L'image-temps, Paris: Minuit, 1985.

Deleuze, Gilles, Hugh Tomlinson, and Robert Galeta, Cinema 2: the Time Image, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.

三、研究專書

Ansell-Pearson, Keith. Philosophy and the Adventure of the Virtual:Bergson and the Time of Life. London: Routledge, 2002.

Aumont, J. The Image. London: British Film Institute, 1997.
Bogue, Ronald. Deleuze on Cinema. Deleuze and the arts, 1. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Boundas, Constantin V. Deleuze and Philosophy. Deleuze connections.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

Charles J. Stivale. Gilles Deleuze: Key Concepts. Chesham: Acumen, 2005.

Claudia, Stancati, Henri Bergson: Esprit et Langage, Paris: Mardaga, 2001

Colebrook, Claire. Gilles Deleuze. London [u.a.]: Routledge, 2002.

Colebrook, Claire, and Gilles Deleuze. Deleuze: A Guide for the Perplexed. London [u.a.]: Continuum, 2007.

Dosse, François, and Jean-Michel Frodon. Gilles Deleuze et les images.Cahiers du cinéma. Paris: Cahiers du cinéma, 2008.

Flaxman, Gregory. The Brain Is the Screen: Deleuze and the Philosophy ofCinema. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000.

Guerlac, Suzanne. Thinking in Time: An Introduction to Henri Bergson.Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006.

Gunn, J. Alexander. Bergson and His Philosophy. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2006.

Kelly, Michael R., Begson and Phenomenology, N.Y.: Palgtave Macmillan,2010.

Khalfa, Jean, and Gilles Deleuze. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. London: Continuum, 2003.

Lacey, A. R. Bergson. The arguments of the philosophers. London:Routledge, 1989.

Le Roy, Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien, and Vincent Benson. The New Philosophy of Henri Bergson. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008

Marks, John. Gilles Deleuze: Vitalism and Multiplicity. Modern European thinkers. London: Pluto Press, 1998.

Moore, Francis C. Bergson: Thinking Backwards. Cambridge [u.a.]:Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996.

Moulard-Leonard, Valentine. Bergson-Deleuze Encounters: Transcendental Experience and the Thought of the Virtual., NY: State University of New York Press, 2008.

Mullarkey, John. The New Bergson. Angelaki humanities. Manchester:Manchester University Press, 1999.

Mullarkey, John. Bergson and Philosophy. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000.

Parr, Adrian. The Deleuze Dictionary. New York: Columbia University Press,2005.

Rodowick, David Norman. Gilles Deleuze's Time Machine. Postcontemporary interventions. Durham, NC: Duke University Press,1997.

Trifonova, Temenuga. The Image in French Philosophy. Consciousness,literature & the arts, 5. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007.

Vieillard-Baron, Jean-Louis, Bergson: La durée et la nature, Paris: P.U.F.,2004.

Williams, James. Gilles Deleuze's Difference and Repetition: A Critical Introduction and Guide. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,2003.