校長是學校組織的核心，亦是法定領導者，當其履行領導行為時，如何運用適切的方法，促進較佳的學校組織氣氛；如何配合不同人格特質的教師，彈性使用領導型式，以發揮高度領導效能，則是當今學校教育應予重視的問題。因此，本研究以我國國民中學為範圍，校長與教師為對象，來探討國中校長領導型式、教師人格特質與學校組織氣氛的關係，以作為校長履行其職務時，選用適切的領導型式，發揮領導效能及促進較佳學校組織氣氛之參考。
本研究的樣本，分別取自台北市及台灣省各縣市，係以分層隨機取樣獲得，每個樣本同時施予三種問卷調查，然後於問卷收回時刪除廢卷而成528位分析樣本。
本研究採用4×2多因子獨立樣本設計，自變項有二：一為校長領導型式，包括高關懷高倡導、高關懷低倡導、低關懷高倡導與低關懷低倡導四種類型，係根據「領導行為描述問卷」得分分類而成。另一為教師人格特質，是以內控與外控二種類型為其特質，係根據「洛氏內外控量表」得分分類而成。依變項則為學校組織氣氛，包括離心、阻礙、工作精神、親密、疏離、重視績效、以身作則及親切等八個構面，係由「學校組織氣氛描述問卷」得分分類而成。因此，本研究資料處理分別進八次N不等變異數分析，而主要效果若達.05顯著水準，則再行事後多重比較。
根據上面敍述，本研究之撰寫計分五章，第一章為緒論，旨在闡述研究的動機與目的，並提出研究問題與假設，以做為本研究之基本架構。第二章為文獻探討，乃就領導型式、人格特質與組織氣氛三方面，深入探討其涵義與相互間之關係，以為本文理論根據。第三章乃為研究方法，係將本文之研究設計與實施做一詳細說明。第四章為結果與討論，乃就所得資料之統計結果，加以分析與討論。第五章為結論與建議，則根據理論分析與實證發現，提出結論與建議，以供參考。
玆將本研究發現與建議扼要敍述如下：研究結果發現：(1)校長不同領導型式會形成不同學校組織氣氛，若為促進較佳組織氣氛，雖宜多採高關懷高倡導之領導型式，但仍應說情境而定，如為促進「重視績效」氣氛則以低關懷高倡導為佳，如欲改善「疏離」現象，則以高關懷低倡導為佳。(2)學校組織氣氛會因教師人格特質之不同而有所差異。梗概而言，外控者比內控者較易形成較差組織氣氛。(3)校長領導型式與教師人格特質對組織氣氛有顯著交互影響存在。因此，校長領導型式的運用若能配合教師人格特質之不同而異，則學校會有較佳的組織氣氛。
基此，本研究建議：(1)加強國中校長對領導理論之認知；(2)培養國中校長洞悉教師人格特質差異的能力；(3)國中校長宜配合教師人格特質的差異，彈性使用領導型式；(4)設法瞭解學校組織氣氛實況，以謀改善途徑；(5)加強國中校長熟諳人際關係技巧；(6)建立領導效能回饋系統。

壹 中文部份
一、中文書籍
1.王雲五主編，雲五社會科學大辭典第七册—行政學。台北：商務印書館，民59年。
2.李序僧，行為科學與管理心理。台北：哈佛企業管理叢書，民63年。
3.李長貴，組織社會心理學。台北：中華書局，民64年。
4.李美枝，社會心理學。台北：大洋出版社，民68年。
5.李裕昆等譯，管理學通論（下）台北：中華企業發展中心，民63年，九版。
6.李聰明，現代學校行政。台北：幼獅文化事業公司，民67年。
7.吳思華等譯，組織理論與管理。台北：長橋出版社，民67年。
8.吳洋德譯，組織心理學。台北：協志工業出版有限公司，民63年，再版。
9.吳挽爛，行政組織與管理。台北：文景書局，民65年。
10.林清山，心理與教育統計學。台北：東華書局，民66年，二版。
11.許士軍，管理—規劃與革新。台北：地球出版社，民63年。
12.張潤書，行政學。台北：三民書局，民65年。
13.陳義勝，組織行為。台北：華泰書局，民69年。
14.鄭伯勳譯，工業心理學（上、下）。台北：大洋出版社，民68年。
15.蔡麟筆譯，管理程序與組織行為。台北：五洲出版社，民64年。
16.董樹藩，現代行政管理學。台北：黎明文化事業公司，民66年。
17.楊國樞等著，社會及行為科學研究法（上、下）。台北：東華書局，民67年。
18.蘇伯顯，領導與組織。台北：國家出版社，民67年。
19.楊淑真，管理心理學。台北：三民書局，民66年。
20.龔平邦，現代管理學。台北：三民書局，民67年。
21.龔平邦，組織行為管理。台北：三民書局，民65年再版。
22.謝文全，教育行政（下）。台北：中華出版社，民67年。

二、中文期到與論文
1.朱榮欽，「行政組織氣候之研究—台北市政府之個案分析」。政大公共行政研究所碩士論文，民66年。
2.呂木琳，「國中校長領導方式與學校氣氛的關係」。師大教育研究所碩士論文，民65年。3.吳子輝，「內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀測驗成績的影響」。政大教育研究所碩士論文，民64年。
4.洪有義，「社會文化環境與內外制握的關係」。中國心理學會中華心理學刊，第16期，民63年。
5.洪有義，「內外制握與洛氏制握量表」。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，筆22輯，民64年。6.馬燦明，「組織層級化之研究」。政大公共行政研究所碩士論文，民68年。
7.陳伯璋，「組織發展理論及其在學校組織革新上的意義」。師大教育研究所碩士論文，民66年。
8.陳奎憙，「學校組織之社會學分析」。師大教育研究所集刊，第十八輯，民65年。
9.黃昆輝，「教育行政領導的意義」。師大教育研究所集刊，第十四輯，民64年。
10.張再明，「試題難度排列方式與內外控取向對學業成績之影響」。政大教育研究所碩士論文，民67年。
11.許勝雄，「國中校長基本職務與領導型式」。師大教育研究所碩士論文，民63年。
12.許士軍，「工作滿足、個人特徵與組織氣候—文獻探討及實證研究」。國立政治大學學報，第三十五期，民66年。
13.許濱松，「組織氣候與管理」。國立政治大學公共行政會刊，第十一期，民65年。
14.曾燦燈，「國中校長領導型式與服務精神的關係」。師大教育研究所碩士論文，民68年。
15.廖素華，「國小校長領導方式、教師人格特質與教師工作滿足的關係」。政大教育研究所碩士論文，民67年。
16.鄭進丁，「北市國小校長角色之調查分析」。政大教育研究所碩士論文，民65年。
17.鄭伯壎，「領導行為研究；領導方式、情境因素及人格特性對工人工作滿足感的影響」。台大心理研究所碩士論文，民66年。
18.劉向上，「從權變途徑談領導型態」。政大公共行政研究所碩士論文，民68年。

貳、英文部分
一、英文書籍
1. Barnard, C.I. The Functions of the Exective. Cambridge: Harvad University Press, 1938.
2. Bobbitt, Jr., H.R, et al. Organizational Behavior: Understanding and Prediction. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1974.
3. Campbell, J.P, et al. Managerial Behavior, Performance, and Effectiveness. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970.
4. Campbell, R.F., E.M. Bridges., and R.D. Nystrand. Introduction to Educational Administration. 5th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacan, Inc., 1977.
5. Carrer, F.D and Thomas J. Sergiovonni. Organization and Human Behavior N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1969.
6. Corwin, B.G and R.A. Edelfelt. Perspectives on Organizations: School in the Larger Social Environment . Washington: American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, 1978.
7. Davis, K. Human Relations of Work. 3rd ed. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
8. Dessler, G. Organization and Management: A Contingency Approach.台北：華泰書局， 1977.
9. Dubrin, A.J. Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior: An Applied Perspective .N.Y.: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1974.
10. English, F.W. School Organization and Management. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc., 1975.
11. Faber, C.F. and G.F. Shearron. Elementary School Administration. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winstan, Inc., 1970..
12. Fiedler, F.E. A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
13. Gibson, J.L, J.M. Ivancerich, and J.H. Donnelly, Jr.. Organization：Structure, Processes, Behavior. Texas: Business Publications, Inc., 1973.
14. Halpin, A.W. Theory and Research in Administration. N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1966.
15. Halpin, A.W. Administrative Theory in Education.3rd ed. N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., 1970.
16. Hellriegel, D. and J.W. Slocum, Jr., Organizational Behavior: A Reader. N.Y.: West Publishing Company, 1977.
17. Hersey, D. and K.H. Blanchard. Management of Organization Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources. 3rd ed. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977.
18. Hersey, D. and K.H. Blanchard. Management of Organization Behavior. 2nd ed. N.J.: Prentice- Hall, Inc., 1972.
19. Hodgetls, R. M and S. Altman. Organizational Behavior London: W.B. Saunders Company, 1979.
20. Hughes, M.G. Secondary School Administration: A Management Approach. 2nd ed. N.Y.: Pergaman Press, Inc., 1974.
21. Jones, J. J., C. J. Solisbury , and P.L. Spencer. Secondary School Administration. N.Y.: McGraw- Hill, Inc., 1967.
22. Kast, F.E and J.E. Rosenzweig. Organization and Management: A Systems and Contingency Approach. 3rd ed. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1979.
23. Katz, Daniel and R.L. Kahn. The Social Psychology of Organization. 2nd ed. 台北：華泰書局，1978.
24. Koontz, H and C. O’Donnell. Essentials of Management. 2nd ed. N.Y.: McGraw-Hall, Inc., 1978.
25. Lane, W.R, et al. Fundation of Educational Administration: A Behavioral Analysis. London: The Macmillan Co., 1960.
26. Litwin, G.L. and R.A. Stringer, Jr.. Motivation and Organization Climate. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1968.
27. Luthans, F. Contemporary Reading in Organizational Behavior. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1977.
28. Mccloskey, G. Education and Public Understanding. N.Y.: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1967.
29. McFarland, D.E. Management: Principles and Practices . 4th ed. N.Y.: Macmillan Co., 1974.
30. Milstein, M.M. and J.A. Belasco. Educational Administration and the Behavioral Sciences: A Systems Perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1973.
31. Monahan, W.G. Theoretional Dimensions of Educational Administration. N.Y.: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975.
32. Owens, R.G. and C.R. Steinhoff, Administering Chang in Schools. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976.
33. Owens, R.G. Organizational Behavior in School. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975.
34. Porte, L.W, E.E. LawlerⅢand J.R. Hackman. Behaviorin Organization. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1975.
35. Terry, G.R. Principles of Managements. 7th ed. Taipei: Reprinted by Mei Ya Publication, Inc.,1978.
36. Stoops, E and R.E. Johnson. Elementary School Administration. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1967.
37. White, R. and R. Lippett. Autocracy and Democracy. N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1960.

二、英文期刊
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2. Awender, M.A. The Principal’s Leadership Role: Perceptions of Teachers, Principals and Superintendents. Education, Vol. 99, 1978, pp. 172-176.
3.. Barrow, J.C. The Variables of Leadership: A Review and Conceptual Framework. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 2, 1977.
4. Bigoness, W.J. Effects of Locus of Control and Style of Third Party Intervention Upon Bargaining Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 61, 1976, pp. 305-312.
5. Broedling, L.A. Relationship of Internal-Enternal Control to Work Motivation and Performance in An Expectancy Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, 1975, pp. 65-70.
6. Caldwell, W.E. and F.W. Lutz. The Measurement of Principal Rule Administration Behavior Its Relationship to Educational Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, Vol. 14, 1978, pp. 63-79.
7. Crowne, D.P. and S.Liverant. Conformity under Varying Conditions of Personal Commitment. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol.66, 1963, pp. 547-555.
8. Fleishman, E.A. and E.F. Harris. Patterns of Leadership Behavior Related to Employee Grievance and Turnover. Personnel Psychology, Vol. 15, 1962, pp. 43-56.
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