論文摘要

本研究旨在根據Goffman立足點理論中之角色與立場之概念，瞭解記者如何在正式新聞訪談中藉由提問建立與受訪者之互動關係。本文以語用學有關語言行為論的角度分析提問之角色與立場，瞭解新聞訪談如何透過提問發展立足點以建立問答中的人際關係。

依「立足點相關研究」得知，所謂「立足點」意指互動中的說話者選擇面對自己與他人的說話角色與立場發展互動關係。而「角色」指說話方式，包括表演者、著作者與意見來源，而「立場」指說話位置，包括訪問者與受訪者一致或偏離等的位置。

　　研究結果發現，提問立足點之角色包含訪問者表達私人意見的「著作者」、報導事實資訊的「報導者」與傳述消息來源意見的「傳述者」，此有別於Goffman的角色分類系統。在立場分類中包含「傾向」、「中立」與「偏離」於受訪者的立場表現，而透過角色與立場的結合發展不同情境下的提問立足點，因此角色與立場兩者應為相互合作的關係。

提問立足點與訪談關係變化中，訪問者可表達「著作者傾向」立場以認同或補充受訪者的回答，此可發展彼此親近的關係。訪問者亦可以「著作偏離或對立」立場質疑受訪者觀點，藉此發展疏離的關係，或以建立受訪者人情面子的間接提問立足點來拉近互動等。

　　從本研究結果可知，提問立足點係訪問者操控與受訪者關係變化的資源，因而訪問者不再僅是中立客觀的提問角色與立場，而是可在著作意見、報導事實資訊與傳述他人意見中表達特定立場，以於認同或質疑受訪者的立場間來回移動。

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