隨著電子遊戲產業蓬勃發展，開放世界遊戲已成為市場主流，然而過去研究多聚焦於美學或空間設計，鮮少探討玩家在已知劇情結局後，仍願意反覆遊玩的內在心理機制。因此，本研究以「玩家體驗整合模型（IMP）」為理論核心，檢視遊戲構面（自主性、系統湧現性、敘事性）與情境構面（社群連結感、社交互動感）如何驅動玩家的重玩意願，並剖析玩家構面（勝任感、探索意願、沉浸感、臨場感）的中介效果。本研究以臺灣地區具《薩爾達傳說：曠野之息》遊玩經驗之玩家為對象，共回收 276 份有效問卷。

研究結果顯示，在遊戲機制方面，系統湧現性與敘事性皆能顯著正向預測重玩意願，其中以奠基於物理與化學引擎的「系統湧現性」最具解釋力；而自主性對重玩之直接影響則未達顯著。在情境構面，僅有社群連結感具顯著正向影響，社交互動感則未達顯著，反映單機開放世界中的社交拉力，主要仰賴網路論壇的非同步分享作為輔助。在中介效果檢驗中，勝任感、沉浸感與臨場感之中介效果皆不成立，唯有「探索意願」發揮了關鍵的中介影響力，顯示開放世界遊戲的重玩價值本質上建立於玩家對未知可能性的持續渴望。此外，本研究發現高度自主性雖能有效激發探索意願以間接幫助重玩，但對當下的沉浸感與臨場感卻無顯著幫助，揭示了過多選擇自由可能帶來認知負擔。此一成果成功將 IMP 模型延伸至重玩價值的探討，亦兼具學術理論推進與遊戲實務開發之參考價值。

With the rapid expansion of the digital game industry, open-world games have become a dominant market trend. However, prior research has largely focused on aesthetic or spatial design, leaving a critical empirical gap in investigating the underlying psychological mechanisms that drive players to repeatedly replay a game after its narrative conclusion. To address this gap, this study utilizes the Integrated Model of Player Experience (IMP) as its theoretical framework to examine how the game context (autonomy, system emergence, narrative) and external context (community connectedness, social interactivity) drive replay intention, while analyzing the mediating mechanisms of the player context (competence, willingness to explore, immersion, presence). A survey was conducted among Taiwanese players with gameplay experience in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, yielding 276 valid responses.

The results indicate that regarding game mechanics, system emergence and narrative significantly and positively predict replay intention, with system emergence—predicated on interactive physics and chemistry engines—exhibiting the highest explanatory power; however, the direct effect of autonomy on replay intention is non-significant. In terms of the external context, only community connectedness shows a significant positive effect, whereas social interactivity is non-significant, reflecting that social factors in single-player open-world games function primarily as peripheral catalysts through asynchronous sharing on online forums. Critically, mediation analysis reveals that competence, immersion, and presence fail to mediate the relationship. Conversely, willingness to explore exerts a crucial mediating effect, demonstrating that replay value fundamentally hinges on a persistent desire for unexhausted possibilities. Furthermore, this study finds that while high autonomy effectively stimulates the willingness to explore—thereby indirectly facilitating replay intention—its direct impacts on momentary immersion and presence are non-significant. This reveals that boundless freedom may increase cognitive load, reminding developers to carefully balance the degree of freedom with the player's intuitive flow. Overall, this study successfully extends the IMP model to longitudinal replay valuation, offering practical insights for game developers and theoretical contributions to digital game research.

Alan, A. K., Kabadayi, E. T., & Aksoy, N. C. (2022). Replaying online games for flow experience and outcome expectations: An exploratory study for the moderating role of external locus of control based on Turkish gamers’ evaluations. Entertainment Computing, 40, 100460.
Albatati, B. (2018). Feelings, flow, immersion, social experience, satisfaction and intention to replay: An empirical investigation of online games experience.
Anto, A., Basu, A., Selim, R., Foscht, T., & Eisingerich, A. B. (2024). Open-World Games’ Affordance of Cognitive Escapism, Relaxation, and Mental Well-Being Among Postgraduate Students: Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e63760.
Bauer, R., & Suter, B. (2021). Narrative Mechanics. Media Studies| Volume 82, 19.
Bradford, W. J. (2020). Exploring the narrative implications of emerging topics in the legend of Zelda: breath of the wild. Journal of Sound and Music in Games, 1(4), 1-21.
Callaghan, M., Savin-Baden, M., McShane, N., & Eguiluz, A. G. (2015). Mapping learning and game mechanics for serious games analysis in engineering education. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 5(1), 77-83.
Calleja, G. (2011). In-game: From immersion to incorporation: mit Press.
Chang, C.-C. (2013). Examining users′ intention to continue using social network games: A flow experience perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 30(4), 311-321.
Chang, I.-C., Liu, C.-C., & Chen, K. (2014). The effects of hedonic/utilitarian expectations and social influence on continuance intention to play online games. internet Research, 24(1), 21-45.
Chou, T.-J., & Ting, C.-C. (2003). The role of flow experience in cyber-game addiction. CyberPsychology & behavior, 6(6), 663-675.
Dinsdale, R. (2023, Dec 11). Zelda Producer Eiji Aonuma Doesn't Really Care About the Series' Chronology. IGN.
Elson, M., Breuer, J., & Quandt, T. (2014). Know thy player: An integrated model of player experience for digital games research. Handbook of digital games, 362-387.
Fraile-Jurado, P. (2024). Geographical aspects of open-world video games. Games and culture, 19(7), 872-896.
Götz, U. (2021). On the evolution of narrative mechanics in open-world games. Narrative Mechanics: Strategies and Meanings in Games and Real Life, 82, 161.
Hamari, J., Shernoff, D. J., Rowe, E., Coller, B., Asbell-Clarke, J., & Edwards, T. (2016). Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Computers in human behavior, 54, 170-179.
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach: Guilford publications.
Hsiao, C.-C., & Chiou, J.-S. (2012). The impact of online community position on online game continuance intention: do game knowledge and community size matter? Information & management, 49(6), 292-300.
Hughes, N. G. J. (2023). Understanding specific gaming experiences: the case of open world games. University of York,
Hutchinson, R. (2021). Observant Play: Colonial Ideology in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild. Game Studies, 21(3).
Jessey, B. (2024, Oct 18). Legend Of Zelda: Every Game In The Series. TheGamer. Retrieved from https://www.thegamer.com/how-many-legend-of-zelda-games-titles-spin-off-remake-remaster-release-date/
Juul, J. (2002). The open and the closed: Games of emergence and games of progression. Paper presented at the Computer games and digital cultures conference proceedings.
Juul, J. (2011). Half-real: Video games between real rules and fictional worlds: MIT press.
Kao, Y.-F., Huang, L.-S., & Wu, C.-H. (2008). Effects of theatrical elements on experiential quality and loyalty intentions for theme parks. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(2), 163-174.
Murnane, E. (2018). Emergent narrative: stories of play, playing with stories.
Nacke, L., Drachen, A., Kuikkaniemi, K., Niesenhaus, J., Korhonen, H. J., Hoogen, W. M., . . . De Kort, Y. A. (2009). Playability and player experience research. Paper presented at the Proceedings of digra 2009: Breaking new ground: Innovation in games, play, practice and theory.
Nintendo. (n.d.-a). The Legend of Zelda™: Breath of the Wild Expansion Pass. Nintendo,. Retrieved from https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/the-legend-of-zelda-breath-of-the-wild-expansion-pass-70070000000041-switch/?srsltid=AfmBOoqc4oB2X9vgax18b5k_9jfwvqOuqw_6J8qGAl9xwAGzwfzRcCM2
Nintendo. (n.d.-b, n.d.). Official home of The Legend of Zelda. Nintendo. Retrieved from https://zelda.nintendo.com/about/
Otero, J. (2017, Mar 17). Why Miyamoto Didn’t Want to Call Zelda: Breath of the Wild An Open World Game. IGN. Retrieved from https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/22/why-miyamoto-didnt-want-to-call-zelda-breath-of-the-wild-an-open-world-game
Patzer, B., Chaparro, B., & Keebler, J. R. (2020). Developing a model of video game play: motivations, satisfactions, and continuance intentions. Simulation & Gaming, 51(3), 287-309.
Peng, W., Lin, J.-H., Pfeiffer, K. A., & Winn, B. (2012). Need satisfaction supportive game features as motivational determinants: An experimental study of a self-determination theory guided exergame. Media Psychology, 15(2), 175-196.
Phan, M. H., Keebler, J. R., & Chaparro, B. S. (2016). The development and validation of the game user experience satisfaction scale (GUESS). Human factors, 58(8), 1217-1247.
Phoenix, D. A. (2014). How to Add Replay Value to Your Educational Game. Journal of Applied Learning Technology, 4(1).
PlayStation. (2025, Nov). 所有 PlayStation Plus 遊戲. PlayStation. Retrieved from https://www.playstation.com/zh-hant-tw/ps-plus/games/?sort=last#plus-container
Rosch, E. H. (1973). Natural categories. Cognitive psychology, 4(3), 328-350.
Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. (2006). The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and emotion, 30(4), 344-360.
Sellers, B. L. (2019). Pixelated Frontiers: Videogames and the Sublimation of Nature: Georgetown University.
Sicart, M. (2014). Play matters: mit Press.
Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994). Depth of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 3(2), 130-144.
Statista. (2025a, Oct 30). Average weekly time spent playing video games in selected countries and territories as of 2nd quarter 2025 (in hours.minutes). Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1263080/daily-time-console-games-country/
Statista. (2025b, Jul 3). Lifetime unit sales generated by select The Legend of Zelda game titles worldwide as of March 2025 (in millions). Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1389789/zelda-video-game-unit-sales/
Statista. (2025c, Jul 1). Weekly gaming hours of adults in the U.S. 2025, by age group. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/forecasts/202839/time-spent-playing-games-by-social-gamers-in-the-us
Steam Spy. (2025, Jan). Number of games released on Steam worldwide from 2004 to 2024. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/552623/number-games-released-steam/?srsltid=AfmBOoqAGm_s0LZjhtZkUmYy1zkfsklFDmgjzmdoOCn3385h1hdACDti
Sullivan, A., Mateas, M., & Wardrip-Fruin, N. (2012). Making quests playable: Choices, CRPGs, and the Grail framework. Leonardo Electronic Almanac, 17(2).
Szymanezyk, O., Dickinson, P., & Duckett, T. (2011). From individual characters to large crowds: augmenting the believability of open-world games through exploring social emotion in pedestrian groups. Paper presented at the Proceedings of DiGRA 2011 Conference: Think Design Play.
Tanenbaum, T. J. (2013). How i learned to stop worrying and love the gamer: reframing subversive play in story-based games. Paper presented at the Proceedings of DiGRA 2013 Conference.
Turkay, S., & Adinolf, S. (2015). The effects of customization on motivation in an extended study with a massively multiplayer online roleplaying game. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(3).
TwitchTracker. (2025, n.d.). Twitch achievements through the years. TwitchTracker. Retrieved from https://twitchtracker.com/statistics
Vidqvist, J. (2019). Open-World Game Design: case Study: The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.
Wang, B., Gao, Z., & Shidujaman, M. (2024). Meaningful place: A phenomenological approach to the design of spatial experience in open-world games. Games and culture, 19(5), 587-610.
Wang, Y. (2024). Immersion in open-world games based on Grounded theory -- A case study of Genshin Impact. Transactions on Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research, 6, 390-397. doi:10.62051/9pdbz647
Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. Presence, 7(3), 225-240.
Yee, N. (2006). Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology & behavior, 9(6), 772-775.
陳禹辰, 尚榮安, 陳東龍, & 鄭靜婷. (2012). 遊戲動機與線上遊戲持續參與意圖之研究: 不同玩家族群之比較. 資訊管理學報, 19(2), 349-387.