論文提要
映象在國際政治舞台上扮演重要的角色，而大眾傳播媒介對映象的形成、加強和改變具有重大的影晌力。
本研究之目的乃以「守門人理論」和「認知平衡原理」為理論架構來探討外交關係與報紙塑造他國映象之相關性。
本研究採用內容分析法，以中央、聯合兩報為樣本總體，依中美外交關係劃分關係「較良好」與「較不良好」兩個階段，再就這兩階段抽取的報紙樣本中有關美國的內容從事分析，依既定的映象類目及強度等級歸類。
資料經統計分析後，印證本研究之三個假設：
1.外交關係與報紙塑造他國映象之好壞具有相關性。
2.報紙塑造他國良好映象的比率，在兩國外交關係較良好時期高過兩國外交關係不
良好時期。
3.報紙塑造他國壞映象的比率，在兩國關係較不良好時期高過兩國外交關係較良好
時期。
此外，本研究尚有幾點重要發現：
1.中央日報所塑造映象的贊同性指數在兩階段中的變動幅度大於聯合報，其原因可
能有二:(1)不同的消息來源造成，(2)中央日報為執政黨之機關報，兩國外交關係之
變化對其影响大於民營的聯合報。
2.兩報對美國所塑造的映象有集中少數類目的現象，可能基於新聞價值觀念和映象
一致性之作用。
3.中美外交關係良好時期，兩報所塑造美國的主要映象是：與我國友好的，反共的，
強大的，友善的，進步的，愛好和平的，有科學精神的，謹慎的，自由的，守信
的，樂觀的，有效率的，愛好藝術的，民主的，有正義感的，坦率的，明智的。
中美外交關係較不良好時期，兩報所塑造美國的主要映象是：與我國友好的，反共的，逐漸衰退的，進步的，強大的，親共的，友善的，愛好和平的，姑息的，現實的，有科學精神的，善於外交的，愚蠢的，明智的，樂觀的，熱情的，謹慎的，勇敢的。

一、中文部份
1.李本華，楊國樞，台大學生對他族或他國人民的刻板印象，台大心理系研究報告第十二期，民國59.年。
2.李本華，楊國樞，台大學生對他族或他國人民之刻板印象的變遷，台大心理系研究報告第十四期，民國61.年。
3.李義男，美新處「學生英文雜誌」內容分析，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國59.年，未出版。
4.徐佳士，大眾傳播理論，新聞叢書第一冊，台北市新聞記者公會，民國55.年。
S陳永綽，中央，聯合兩報在新聞報導中所塑造的韓國映象，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國61.年，未出版。
6.陳麗香，傳播行為與映象形成關聯性之研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國65.年，未出版。
7.凌澤沛，中央、聯合兩報塑造的日本映象研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國67.年，未出版。
8.閻沁恒，大眾傳播研究方法，台北市新聞記者公會，民國61.年。
9.羅森棟，傳播媒介塑造映象之實例研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國61.年，未出版。
10.國際關係，雲五社會科學大辭典，第四冊，台灣商務印書館，民國62.年。
11.政治學，雲五社會科學大辭典，第三冊，台灣商務印書館，民國62.年。
二、英文部份
1. Bass, Abraham Z., “ Refining the Gatekeeper : A U.N. Radio Case Study, “ Journalism Quarterly, vol. 46, ( Spring, 1969 )
2. Blanchard, Edward B., Vickers, Marilyn & Price, Katina C., “ Balance Effects in Image
Formation, “ The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol 87, ( 1972 )
3. Bogardus, E.S., “ Stereotypes versus Sociotypes, “ Social & Soc. Res. Vol.34, ( 1950 )
4. Browne, Don R., “ The American Image as Presented abroad by U.S. Television, “ Journalism Quarterly, V01.45, ( Sumner, 1968 )
5. Buchanan, William & Cantril, Hadiey, How Nations See Each Other, ( Connecticut, Greenwood Press, Publishers Second Reprinting 1973 )
6. Chandra, Sri, “Stereotypes of University Students toward Different Ethic Groups,, “ The Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 71, ( 1969 )
7 Cauthen, Nelson R., Robison, Ira E. & Rrauss, Herbert H., “ Stereotypes: A Review of the
Literature 1926-4968, “ The Journal of Social Psychology Vol.84. (1971 )
8. Child, Irvin L. & Doob, Leonard W., “ Factors Determining National Stereotypes, “ The Journal of Social Psychology Vol. 17. (1943 )
9. Crespi, Leo P. “ Some Observations on the Concept of Image, “ Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.25. ( Spring, 1961 )
10. Donohew, Lewis, & Baseheart, John R., “ Information Selection Processes and Galvanic Skin Response, “ Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 51. ( Spring, 1974 )
11. Edwards, A.L., “Studies of Stereotypes: The Directionality and Uniformity of Responses to Stereotypes,” The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.12.(1940)
12. Fishman, Joshua A., “ An Examination of the Process and Function of Social Stereotyping, “ The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.43. ( 1956 )
13. Fox, William T.R., “ International Relations“ The World Book Encyclopedia, Vol.10,
( Chicago, Field Enterprise Educational Co. 1975 )
14. Franz, Joseph, (ed. ) As Others See Us, (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1959 )
15. Gilbert, G.M., “ Stereotypes Persistence and Change among College Students,” Journal of
Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol.46.(1951)
16. Gilliland, A.R & Blum, R.A.,” Favorable and Unfavorable Attitudes toward Certain Enemy and Allied Countries, “The Journal of Psychology, Vol.20. (1945)
17. Greenberg, Bradley S. & Tannenbaum, Percy H., “Communicator Performance under Cognitive Stress, “ Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 39 ( Spring, 1962 )
18. Gundlach, Ralph H., “ The Attributes of Enemy, Allied and Domestic Nationality Groups as Seen by College Students of Different Regions,“ The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.19. ( 1944 )
19. Jahoda, Gustav, “ Nationality Preferences and National Stereotypes in Ghana before Independence, “The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.50. (1959)
20. Katz, Daniel, “ Psychological Barriers to Communications ,“ In Mass Communications, ed.
by Wilbur Schramm ( Urban, University of Illinois Press, 1960 )
21. Katz, Daniel & Braly, Kenneth, “ Racial Stereotypes of One Hundred College Students, “ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol.28. (1933)
22. Kosa, John, “ The Rank Order of Peoples : A Study in National Stereotypes, “The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.46. (1957)
23. Kriesberg, Martin, “ Soviet News in the New York Times, “ Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 1. (Winter, 1946-47 )
24. Lippman, W., Public Opinion, ( N.Y. The Macmillan Co. 1922 )
25. Lynch, Mervin D. & Effendi, Atiya, “ Editorial Treatment of India in the New York Times, “ Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 41 . (Summer, 1964)
26. Markham, James W., “ Foreign News in the United States and South American Press, “ Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.25. (Summer, 1961 )
27. Meens, Max, “ A Comparison of Racial Stereo- types of 1935 and 1942, “The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.17. (1943)
28. Merrill, John C., “ The Image of the United States in Ten Mexican Dailies, “Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 39 ( Spring, 1962 )
29. Merritt, Richard L., “ Transmission of Values across National Boundaries, “ in Richard L.
Merritt (ed.) Communication in International Politics, ( Urban, Illinois, University of
Illinois Press, 1971 )
30. Oliphant, C.A., “ The Images of the United States Projected by Peking Review, “
Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 41 (Summer, 1964 )
31. Pool, Ithiel de Sola & Prasad, Kali, “ Indian Student Images of Foreign People, “Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.22. ( Fall, 1958 )
32. Prothro, E. Terry, “ Cross-cultural Patterns of National Stereotypes, “The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.40. (1954)
33. Reigrotski, Erich & Anderson, Nels, “ National Stereotypes and Foreign Contacts, “Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.23. ( Winter, 1959)
34. Sahin, Haluk, “ Turkish Politics in New York Times : A Comparative Content Analysis, “ Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 50. ( Winter, 1973)
35. Salazar, Jos’e Miguel & Marin, Gerardo, “ National Stereotypes as a Function of Conflict and Territorial Proximity : A Test of the Mirror Image Hypothesis, “ The Journal of Social Pychology, Vol.101. (1977)
36. Seago, Dorothy W., “ Stereotypes : Before Pearl Harbor and After, “ The Journal of Psychology, Vol.23. (1947)
37. Sinha, A.K.P. & Upadhyana, O.P., “ Change and Persistence in the Stereotypes of University
Students toward Different Ethic Groups during Sino-Indian Border Dispute, “ The Journal of
Social Psychology, Vol.52. (1960)
38. Smith, Don D., “ Cognitive Consistency and the Perception of Others’ Opinions, “Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.32 ( Spring, 1968 )
39. Todd, Elizaberth, “ National-Image Research and International Understanding, “ in Joseph Franz, (ed.) As Others See Us, ( Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959 )
40. Vinacke, W. E., “ Stereotyping among National- Racial Groups in Hawii : A Study in Ethnocentrism, “ The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 30. (1949)
41. Vinacke, W.E., “ Exploration in the Dynamic Processes of Stereotyping, “ The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 43 (1956)
42. White, David Manning, “ The Gate Keeper : A Case Study in the Selection of News, “
Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 27. ( Fall, 1950 )
43. Willis, Richard H., “ Ethic & National Images : Peoples V Nations, “ The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.67.(1968)
44. Wolfe, Wayne, “ Images of the United States in the Latin American Press, “ Journalism Quarterly, Vol.41. (Winter, 1964 )