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| 研究生： |
邱昀儀 Chiu, Yun-yi |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
東勢客語變調研究 Tone Sandhi in Dongshi Hakka |
| 指導教授： |
蕭宇超
Hsiao, Yuchau E. |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
外國語文學院 - 語言學研究所 Graduate Institute of Linguistics |
| 論文出版年： | 2006 |
| 畢業學年度： | 94 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 144 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 東勢客語 、變調 、音韻 、句法 、語料庫 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | Dongshi Hakka, tone sandhi, phonology, syntax, corpus |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：158 下載：132 |
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本文主要從句法(Syntax)與音韻(Phonology)的介面關係來探討東勢客語的陽平、陰平及陰去變調現象。本研究以語料庫為根據，觀察東勢客語變調的主要型態，並從句法與音韻的介面來定義變調範域(Tone Sandhi Domain)，包括音步(Foot)、音韻詞組(Phonological Phrase)、語調詞組(Intonational Phrase)等等。本文也發現變調規則必須以循環模式(Cyclic Mode)運作，而且三個變調規則的屬性皆不相同。陽平變調受音步規範、陰平變調較受音韻詞組規範，而陰去變調則不受音韻結構限制。
This thesis explores the Yangping, Yinping and Yinqu Tone Sandhi Rules (YATSR, YITSR, YQTSR) in Dongshi Hakka from the perspective of the interface between syntax and phonology. According to a Dongshi Hakka Tone Sandhi (DHTS) corpus, this thesis presents the predominant tonal patterns of these rules, and defines the tone sandhi (TS) domain at the interface between syntax and phonology, including foot, phonological phrase, intonational phrase and so on. This thesis concludes that tone sandhi rules must apply in a cyclic mode, and that the three rules are subject to different prosodic structures. YATSR is conditioned by the foot, YITSR is better defined by the phonological phrase, while YQTSR is not structurally-bound.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
VITA ix
ABBREVIATIONS xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS xii
CHINESE ABSTRACT xvi
ENGLISH ABSTRACT xvii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL AND TONOTACTIC BACKGROUND 3
2.1 Direct Reference Hypothesis 3
2.2 Indirect Reference Hypothesis 5
2.3 End-based Theory 8
2.4 Intonational Phrase 9
2.5 Foot Formation Rules 11
2.6 Tonal Basics 17
CHAPTER 3 CORPUS 21
3.1 Informants 22
3.2 Sentence Design 23
3.3 Theoretical Analysis 25
3.4 Symbol Representation 25
3.5 Symbols in the Examples 27
CHAPTER 4 YANGPING TONE SANDHI RULE 47
4.1 Introduction to Yangping Tone Sandhi Rule 47
4.2 End-based Yangping Tone Sandhi 50
4.2.1 Frequencies 50
4.2.2 Single-reading Yangping Syllables 52
4.2.3 Alternative-reading Yangping Syllables 55
4.2.4 The Role of XP Domain for YATSR 57
4.3 Footed Yangping Tone Sandhi 59
4.3.1 Frequencies 59
4.3.2 Single-reading Yangping Syllables 60
4.3.3 Alternative-reading Yangping Syllables 66
4.3.4 The Role of Foot Domain for YATSR 70
4.4 Alternative Readings of Yangping 72
4.5 Summary 75
CHAPTER 5 YINPING TONE SANDHI RULE 77
5.1 Introduction to Yinping Tone Sandhi Rule 77
5.2 End-based Yinping Tone Sandhi 80
5.2.1 Frequencies 80
5.2.2 Single-reading Yinping Syllables 81
5.2.3 Alternative-reading Yinping Syllables 86
5.2.4 The Role of XP Domain for YITSR 88
5.3 Footed Yinping Tone Sandhi 90
5.3.1 Frequencies 90
5.3.2 Single-reading Yinping Syllables 92
5.3.3 Alternative-reading Yinping Syllables 100
5.3.4 The Role of Foot Domain for YITSR 103
5.4 Alternative Readings of Yinping 106
5.5 Summary 113
CHAPTER 6 YINQU TONE SANDHI RULE 115
6.1 Introduction to Yinqu Tone Sandhi Rule 115
6.2 End-Based Yinqu Tone Sandhi 118
6.2.1 Frequencies 118
6.2.2 Single-reading Yinqu Syllables 120
6.2.3 The Role of XP Domain for YQTSR 122
6.3 Footed Yinqu Tone Sandhi 123
6.3.1 Frequencies 123
6.3.2 Single-reading Yinqu Syllables 125
6.3.3 The Role of Foot Domain for YQTSR 133
6.4 Yinqu Tone Sandhi Domain 134
6.5 Summary 135
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 137
7.1 Interface Between Syntax and Phonology 137
7.2 Residual Problems 138
REFERENCES 141
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