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研究生： 馬立瀅
Maria Guadalupe Robles Sámano
論文名稱： 亞太自由貿易區（FTAAP）背後的官僚政治：以墨西哥和秘魯為例
The Bureaucratic Politics behind the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP): Case Study of Mexico and Peru
指導教授： 馮慕文
Fabricio Antonio Fonseca Fernández
口試委員: 黃富娟
Florencia Fu-Chuan Huang
Gabriela Ippolito-O‵Donnell
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 國際事務學院 - 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
International Master's Program in International Studies(IMPIS)
論文出版年： 2026
畢業學年度： 114
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 128
中文關鍵詞： 官僚政治 、外交政策 、亞太經濟合作 、亞太自由貿易區 、區域經濟整合
外文關鍵詞： bureaucratic politics, foreign policy, APEC, Free Trade Area of the AsiaPacific (FTAAP), regional economic integration
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    • 本論文探討亞太經濟合作（APEC）成員經濟體內部的官僚政治如何影響亞太自由貿易區（Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, FTAAP）作為區域經濟整合長期目標的持續性。儘管現有文獻主要聚焦於FTAAP的經濟可行性以及區域貿易協定的發展演進，但對於國內官僚運作如何促使此倡議得以持續推動的探討仍相對有限。
    本研究以官僚政治與外交政策模型（Bureaucratic politics and foreign policy model）為理論基礎，採用質性比較個案研究方法，分析墨西哥與秘魯兩個APEC成員經濟體，並結合APEC秘書處所提供的觀點進行研究。研究結果顯示，FTAAP的持續推動不僅受到經濟與地緣政治因素的影響，也受到成員經濟體內部的制度協調、官僚體系的延續性，以及跨機構決策機制等因素所共同塑造。
    本研究透過將官僚政治與外交政策模型延伸應用於區域經濟整合與多邊治理的分析，對相關文獻作出貢獻，並提供來自兩個拉丁美洲APEC成員經濟體的新實證證據。

    This research examines how bureaucratic politics within APEC member economies influence the persistence of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) as a long-term objective of regional economic integration. Although existing literature has primarily focused on the FTAAP's economic feasibility and the evolution of regional trade agreements, scholars have paid limited attention to how domestic bureaucratic processes sustain this initiative.
    Based on the bureaucratic politics and foreign policy model, this research employs a qualitative comparative case study of Mexico and Peru, as well as the insights of the APEC Secretariat. The findings show that the persistence of the FTAAP is shaped not only by economic and geopolitical considerations but also by institutional coordination, bureaucratic continuity, and inter-institutional decision-making within member economies.
    This study contributes to the literature by extending the application of the bureaucratic politics and foreign policy model to the analysis of regional economic integration and multilateral governance, while providing new empirical evidence from two Latin American APEC member economies.

    List of Figures, Tables and Appendices i
    Glossary ii
    Chapter 1. Introduction 1
    1.1 About the Forum 1
    1.2 History of the Free Trade Area of the Asia–Pacific (FTAAP) 3
    1.3 Literature Review 6
    1.3.1 APEC in the Literature 6
    1.3.2 FTAAP in the Literature 7
    1.3.3 Regional Economic Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region in the Literature 8
    1.3.4 Summary 11
    1.4 Research Question 11
    1.5 Significance of the Research 12
    1.6 Theoretical Framework 13
    1.6.1 The Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy Model 13
    1.7 Methodology 18
    1.7.1 Research Variables 18
    1.7.2 Research Design and Case Selection 18
    1.7.3 Questionnaire Design 20
    1.7.4 Data Collection Procedures 20
    Chapter 2. Case Studies 22
    2.1 APEC Secretariat: Institutional Persistence 22
    2.1.1 Institutional Mandate and Administrative Structure 22
    2.1.2 Continuity Mechanisms and Organizational Memory 25
    2.1.3 Role of the Secretariat in Supporting FTAAP 26
    2.1.4 Perceptions of the FTAAP as a Multilateral Practices and Limitations of the Secretariat in Shaping the Agenda 28
    2.2 Mexico: Bureaucratic Continuity and Diplomatic Discourse 29
    2.2.1 Characteristics of the Mexican Bureaucracy in Trade and Foreign Policy 29
    2.2.2 Institutional Actors Involved in APEC and FTAAP 32
    2.2.3 Bureaucratic and Political Drivers Behind Mexico's Support for the FTAAP 35
    2.2.4 Continuity and Change in Mexico's APEC Policy 38
    2.2.5 Mexico as APEC Host in 2002 and Upcoming Host in 2028: Implications for the FTAAP Narrative 40
    2.3 Peru: Regional Leadership and Institutional Adaptation 42
    2.3.1 Characteristics of the Peruvian Bureaucracy in Trade and Foreign Policy 42
    2.3.2 Institutional Actors Involved in APEC and FTAAP 45
    2.3.3 Bureaucratic and Political Drivers Behind Peru's Support for the FTAAP 48
    2.3.4 Institutional Incentives for the Persistence of the FTAAP 50
    2.3.5 Historical Continuity: APEC Host Years (2008, 2016, and 2024) 52
    Chapter 3. Comparative Analysis 56
    3.1 Introduction 56
    3.2 The Role of the APEC Secretariat 56
    3.3 Bureaucratic Coordination and Institutional Continuity 58
    3.4 Domestic Economic Priorities and Trade Strategy 61
    3.5 The FTAAP as a Strategic Regional Narrative 64
    3.6 Explaining the Persistence of the FTAAP within APEC 67
    3.7 Conclusion 72
    Chapter 4. Discussion and Implications 73
    4.1 Introduction 73
    4.2 Which model best explains the persistence of the FTAAP? 73
    4.2.1 Rational Actor Model 73
    4.2.2 Organizational Process Model 74
    4.2.3 Governmental Politics Model 75
    4.2.4 Comparative Assessment of the Three Models 79
    4.3 Theoretical Implications for Bureaucratic Politics 79
    4.4 Implications for Understanding APEC as a Non-binding Forum 80
    4.5 Implications for Regional Economic Integration Strategies 81
    4.6 Practical Insights for Policymakers 82
    4.7 Closing the Discussion 83
    Chapter 5. Conclusion 84
    References 87
    Appendices 103

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