| 研究生: |
柏愛琳 Irene Maria Blanco Avelar |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
氣候變遷對薩爾瓦多食物保存之影響 The influence of the effects of climate change on food security in EL Salvador |
| 指導教授: |
吳文傑
Wu, Jack |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
商學院 - 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) International MBA Program College of Commerce(IMBA) |
| 論文出版年: | 2011 |
| 畢業學年度: | 99 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 79 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 氣候變遷 、薩爾瓦多 、食物保存 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:145 下載:15 |
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Climate change is natural process that refers itself to variations in weather caused by nature or human activity, mainly due to fossil combustion and deforestation that had raised the amount of gas emissions of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. Due to geographical situation some countries are more sensitive to these changes than others. Adapting to the new climate conditions becomes a challenge that entails economic costs and resources that affect significantly to countries in their economic development conditions. There is a need for solutions to create a proper setting to generate long-term sustainable growth strategies. Recent studies have pointed out that the most affected area by this phenomena will be Central America and among that region El Salvador . This research will be directed to the possible outcome that climate change will have in agriculture and for that in food security.
El Salvador has been an agriculture base economy that has experienced minor changes throughout time. There have been different kinds of crops that been extremely important in Salvadoran economy, one of them is Corn. It constitutes almost half of the dietary pattern of Salvadoran families. The reintroduction of Agriculture could be a viable alternative for the country’s economy to regain its strength. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the economic growth model, climate change and the scarce demand of corn consumption in El Salvador.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
ABSTRACT iii
INTRODUCTION 1
1 CHAPTER 1: SIDE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3
1.1 Implications of Economic development. 3
1.2 Climate Change 9
1.2.1 Agriculture 9
1.2.2 Food Security 11
1.3 Current Awareness of Climate Change 13
2 CHAPTER 2: AGRICULTURE IN EL SALVADOR 21
2.1 Supply of Basic Grains 21
2.2 Cultivation and production of Corn 31
2.2.1 Demand of basic grains 35
2.3 The Difference in Supply and Demand: Food Gap 38
2.3.1 Availability of Corn in an open economy 39
2.4 Market of Corn 41
2.4.1 Production process 41
2.4.2 Transformation Process 42
2.4.3 Commercialization process 42
2.4.4 Market price 42
3 CHAPTER 3: FOOD SECURITY IN EL SALVADOR 45
3.1 Dimensions of Food Security. 45
3.1.1 Food availability 47
3.1.2 Food security: Access 55
3.1.3Food access and availability in El Salvador: Structural perspective 61
4 CHAPTER 4: ADAPTATION MEASURES 65
4.1 Reintroduction of the Agricultural Sector 65
4.1.1 Adaptation measures for agriculture 68
4.2 Policies 73
5 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 75
REFERENCES 77
APPENDIX 79
1. Ordaz, Juan Luis and others (2010). Climate change effects on agriculture.
2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2008). Climate change and food security: A frame document. Online available: http://www.fao.org/forestry/15538-079b31d45081fe9c3dbc6ff34de4807e4.pdf
3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1997). Regional Impact of Climate Change.
4. Angel, Amy (2008). Analysis of the basic grain market in Central America: focused on El Salvador.
5. Gockowski, J., & Sonwa, D. (2010). Cocoa Intensification Scenarios and Their Predicted Impact on CO2 Emissions.
6. Smith, Adam (1776), The wealth of nations.
7. Tearns, Peter N. (1998), online version The Industrial Revolution in World History.
8. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2000). First National Statement of Climate Change.
9. Aguilar, Ivette (2005). The impact of climate change on food security.
10. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2010). Public Agriculture Expense for the development of El Salvador
11. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2010). Sectoral Strategic Plan 2010-2014.
12. Embassy of Spain: Commercial Department (2004). Agriculture Sector in El Salvador.
13. Central Reserva Bank of El Salvador Statistics Database
14. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource of El Salvador Statistics Database
15. General Directorate of Statistics and Census of El Salvador Database
16. Ministry of Economic of El Salvador Statistics Database
17. Oxford Latin American Statistics Database