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| 研究生： |
孟彬 Nsika Phepha Mbingo |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
南非兒童支持津貼、父親參與及高中畢業：以NIDS之2008及2017年連結資料為證據 Child Support Grant Receipt, Father Involvement, and Matric Completion in South Africa: Evidence from Linking the 2008 NIDS Baseline to the 2017 Follow-Up |
| 指導教授： |
彭喜樞
Peng Xishu |
| 口試委員: |
黃柏鈞
楊子霆 |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
社會科學學院 - 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) International Master's Program of Applied Economics and Social Development(IMES) |
| 論文出版年： | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度： | 114 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 78 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 兒童支持津貼 、父親參與 、matric 完成 、NIDS 、南非 、就學延遲 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | Child Support Grant, father involvement, matric completion, NIDS, South Africa, schooling delay |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：6 下載：0 |
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本研究探討南非兒童在基準年領取兒童支持津貼（Child Support Grant, CSG）、有紀錄之生物父親參與程度，以及基準就學延遲，是否與其後完成 matric 相關。本研究使用南非國家收入動態研究（National Income Dynamics Study, NIDS），將 2008 年 Wave 1 的兒童基準資訊與 2017 年 Wave 5 的教育結果相連結，分析對象為基準年 9 至 15 歲的兒童。由於 CSG 以貧困兒童為主要對象，受領者與非受領者之間的未調整比較可能反映既有社經劣勢，而非津貼本身。主要 probit 模型使用基準家庭所得分配底部 60% 的樣本，並控制家庭背景、兒童特徵、精確年齡、地區差異及完成年級就學延遲。生物父親同住狀態與接觸頻率被分類為高、間歇及最低有紀錄參與；無法可靠分類的紀錄則保留為獨立的「父親資訊不可得」類別，並另以僅含可靠父親資訊的樣本進行穩健性檢驗。結果顯示，CSG 的原始負向關聯在改善所得可比性並加入控制變數後轉為正向，但在統計上不顯著。間歇及最低父親參與亦在統計上不顯著。父親資訊不可得與較低的 matric 完成機率呈統計上顯著的負向關聯，但此結果代表資訊不可分類狀態，而非特定父親參與程度。最穩定的結果是完成年級就學延遲，其與 matric 完成呈統計上顯著的負向關聯。本研究結論指出，提升 matric 完成率需要在保障貧困兒童物質條件的同時，及早辨識就學延遲並支持更廣泛的照顧者與家庭環境。
This study examines whether baseline Child Support Grant (CSG) receipt, documented biological father involvement, and baseline schooling delay are associated with matric completion in South Africa. Using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), the analysis links Wave 1 childhood conditions in 2008 to Wave 5 educational attainment in 2017 for children aged 9 to 15 at baseline. Because CSG is poverty-targeted, raw comparisons between recipients and non-recipients may reflect pre-existing socioeconomic disadvantage rather than the grant itself. The main probit specification is estimated among children in the bottom 60% of the baseline household-income distribution and controls for household background, child characteristics, exact age, location, and completed-grade schooling delay. Biological father co-residence and contact are classified as high, intermittent, or minimal documented involvement; records that cannot be classified reliably are retained as a separate Father information unavailable category, with a known-father sample used for robustness. The raw negative CSG association becomes positive after improving income comparability and introducing the controls, but it remains statistically insignificant. Intermittent and minimal documented father involvement are also statistically insignificant. Father information unavailable is negatively and statistically significantly associated with matric completion, but it represents an unclassifiable-information indicator rather than a substantive father-involvement level. Completed-grade schooling delay is the strongest and most stable finding and is negatively and statistically significantly associated with matric completion. The study concludes that improving matric completion requires material support for poor children, early identification of schooling delay, and inclusive caregiver support.
List of Tables 7
List of Abbreviations 8
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 9-17
1.1 Background and context 9
1.2 Motivation for the study 10
1.3 Problem statement 11
1.4 Aim, objectives and research questions 12
1.5 Hypotheses 13
1.6 Significance of the study 14
1.7 Conceptual framework 15
1.8 Scope of the study 16
1.9 Organisation of the study 17
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 18-22
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Child poverty, social protection, and the CSG 18
2.3 The CSG and schooling outcomes 19
2.4 Household background and schooling inequality 20
2.5 Father involvement, family structure, and caregiver support 20
2.6 Baseline schooling delay and cumulative disadvantage 21
2.7 Research gap and contribution 22
CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY 23-45
3.1 Introduction and Research Design 23
3.2 Data Source: National Income Dynamics Study 24
3.3 Sample Construction 25
3.4 Baseline Descriptive Characteristics by Household Income Group 28
3.4.1 Baseline Comparison by Father-Information Availability 30
3.5 Outcome Variable: Matric Completion by Wave 5 31
3.6 Main Explanatory Variables and Controls 32
3.6.1 Baseline CSG Receipt 32
3.6.2 Documented Biological Father Involvement 34
3.6.3 Baseline Schooling Delay 34
3.6.4 Control Variables and Reference Categories 35
3.7 Empirical Models and Formal Econometric Specification 36
3.7.1 Model Specifications 37
3.7.2 Interaction Specification 40
3.7.3 Average Marginal Effects 41
3.8 Endogeneity Concerns and Diagnostic Framework 42
3.9 Robustness Checks 44
CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL RESULTS 46-60
4.1 Introduction 46
4.2 Descriptive Statistics by CSG Status 46
4.3 Sequential Probit Results 48
4.4 Average Marginal Effects 51
4.5 Robustness Checks 52
4.6 Model Fit Statistics 56
4.7 CSG and Father-Involvement Interaction 58
4.8 Summary of Findings 59
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 61-68
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Summary of Findings 61
5.3 Interpretation of the Main Findings 62
5.3.1 Baseline CSG Receipt 62
5.3.2 Documented Biological Father Involvement and Father-Information Availability 63
5.3.3 Completed-Grade Schooling Delay 63
5.3.4 Interaction Between CSG Receipt and Father Involvement 64
5.4 Policy Implications 64
5.5 Limitations 65
5.6 Recommendations for Future Research 66
5.7 Final Conclusion 67
References 69–72
Appendices 73–78
Appendix A Supplementary Methodological Tables 73
Appendix B Supplementary Robustness Results 76
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