隨著國內授信市場競爭加劇、利差走低，銀行積極開拓海外聯貸業務，但面對日益複雜、非典型的風險事件時，常因缺乏系統性決策工具而陷入被動。本研究針對此實務困境，提出一套國際聯貸案風險控管的最適策略架構，旨在提供銀行可操作的危機處理方案。該架構以「風險成因」（外生總體衝擊或內生經營風險）與「債權屬性」（有擔保或無擔保）為核心坐標，交叉形成四象限決策分類。透過系統化的情境定位，銀行可根據案件屬性及風險來源選擇最適處置路徑，如在「參與重組以追求未來價值」與「處分債權以鎖定當前回收」等策略間做出抉擇，從而達成債權損失最小化的目標。
本研究採用多案例對比研究，深入驗證上述策略架構。案例一為歐洲某高科技製造業無擔保聯貸案，失敗主因為企業內生經營策略風險；案例二為澳洲某商業不動產有擔保聯貸案，違約主因為COVID-19等外生總體衝擊。結果發現，銀行應依據風險來源與債權結構採取差異化策略：對於案例一（無擔保且內生風險），宜採「法律攻防下的價值再造」策略，積極參與債務重組以換取債權的後續價值；而對於案例二（有擔保且受外生衝擊），則應採取基於市場預期的財務決策，果斷處分債權以鎖定當前回收。該驗證結果突顯了不同象限下的最適處置策略，亦顯示本研究架構能清晰區分銀行面臨的情境與可行選項。
此外，本研究亦納入英國Carillion倒閉案（屬有擔保×內生風險象限）與美國Hertz破產案（屬無擔保×外生衝擊象限）作為輔助案例，以檢驗四象限架構的外部適用性。分析結果顯示，這些跨國案例的情境定位與銀行最終策略選擇均與本框架預測相符，驗證了該架構在不同國家與產業背景下的通用性與解釋力。
基於上述研究發現，本研究對銀行實務提出具體策略建議與風險管理啟示。首先，建議將四象限策略架構前置納入授信審查流程，於案件初期識別風險情境並預先規劃應對方案。其次，強化貸後監控與預警機制，定期依據象限框架評估貸款風險，及早發現內生或外生風險跡象並啟動相應處置。另外，針對外部衝擊風險，銀行應加強市場預判與壓力測試，模擬極端情境下債權損失情形並提前採取緩解措施；同時將情境要素納入風險評等模型，提升評級的動態適應性。上述建議強調實用性與前瞻性，可協助銀行優化組織流程與決策框架，在危機初期果斷行動，最終達成降低損失的目標。

As competition in Taiwan’s credit market intensifies and profit margins shrink, banks are increasingly looking to international syndicated loans to improve returns. However, the complex and unpredictable risks involved in these cross-border deals often leave banks with limited tools to respond effectively when problems arise. This study proposes a practical decision-making framework to help banks manage such risks, based on two key factors: the cause of the crisis (internal or external) and whether the loan is secured or unsecured.
The study analyzes two contrasting real-world failed loan cases. The first involves a European high-tech manufacturer with unsecured debt that ran into trouble due to internal business mistakes. The second case features an Australian commercial property borrower with secured debt, which defaulted because of global economic disruptions. Based on their risk profiles, different strategies were used: in the first case, the bank joined the restructuring process to recover value in the long term; in the second, the bank chose to sell the loan to recover funds quickly.
To test the framework further, two additional examples were reviewed: the collapse of UK-based Carillion and the restructuring of U.S.-based Hertz. These cases helped confirm that the strategy framework works across different countries and industries.
This research offers practical suggestions for banks. It recommends using the framework as part of the loan review and monitoring process, updating risk assessments regularly, and using scenario analysis to prepare for potential problems early. With this approach, banks can respond faster and more effectively, reducing potential losses and improving decision quality during loan crises.

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