本研究探討對於國家參與國際社會至關重要的國家承認，何以可能成為地緣政治的重要爭議焦點。儘管國際法，尤其是1933年《蒙特維多國家權利義務公約》，已明確規範國家地位的判定標準，國家承認的決策有時會優先考量戰略利益與地緣政治因素，而非成文化的法律原則。
本文聚焦於印度與巴基斯坦之間複雜且持續存在的敵對關係，主張兩國在給予或拒絕國家承認上的不同模式，部分反映其彼此間的敵對關係。為探討此議題，本研究提出三項研究問題：第一，國家如何詮釋國際法所規範的國家地位標準；第二，國內政治如何形塑印度與巴基斯坦的國家承認政策；第三，主要大國如何影響兩國的國家承認決策。
本論文採用質性研究方法，結合批判性內容分析與歷史分析，並以比較個案研究作為分析架構。研究個案涵蓋早期領土爭端與冷戰時期的承認案例（孟加拉、以色列－巴勒斯坦），以及二十世紀後期的重要案例（科索沃、亞美尼亞、北賽普勒斯）。本文以國家承認作為分析視角，探討印度與巴基斯坦的地緣政治優先考量，並呼應拓展非西方觀點的相關研究。整體而言，本論文藉由分析兩國在國家承認上的不同取向，期望在新興中等強權崛起及全球不確定性加劇的背景下，增進對當代世界政治的理解。

This research examines how state recognition, which is essential for global participation, can become a geopolitical flashpoint. Although international law, notably the 1933 Montevideo Convention, outlines criteria for statehood, recognition decisions at times prioritize strategic interests and geopolitical calculations over codified legal principles.
The study focuses on the complex and enduring strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan, arguing that their contrasting patterns in extending or withholding recognition reflect, in part, their own rivalry. To explore this, the research addresses three questions: how states interpret the legal criteria, how domestic politics have shaped India and Pakistan’s recognition policies, and how major powers have influenced their recognition decisions.
Adapting a qualitative research design, the study uses critical content analysis combined with historical analysis within a comparative case study framework. Cases include early territorial disputes and Cold War recognitions (Bangladesh; Israel – Palestine) followed by issues of the late 20th century (Kosovo, Armenia, Northern Cyprus). Using recognition as an analytical lens, this research aims to explore the geopolitical priorities of India and Pakistan, supporting existing efforts on expanding non-Western perspectives. Overall, by analyzing divergent approaches in recognition, this study wishes to contribute to a better understanding of world politics during a period of heightened global uncertainty in light of emergent middle powers.

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