自電腦面世以來，伴隨電腦而生的電子資源格式隨著時代變遷，又逢網路及科技的蓬勃發展，圖書館的館藏不再單純以傳統典藏為主，開始打破既有館藏框架，逐漸擁抱科技時代對於圖書館的改變。圖書館的定義亦已逐漸轉向經由服務為使用者創造價值。同時，電子資源的使用量及使用頻率皆高於傳統館藏，亦間接導致圖書館經費向電子資源傾斜且比重日漸提升，促使圖書館需全面衡量資源配置以反映真實需求，並提供適合服務及資源予使用者。

本研究運用資源基礎觀點（Resource-Based View, RBV），其核心精髓是以知識為基礎的視角，在策略管理領域中，組織擁有獨佔性且封閉的知識，是獲得競爭優勢、搶得先機的基礎。對應到圖書館，其著重於圖書館內部資源的解析，但在制定館藏發展政策時，仍應適當考量外部環境的影響。

同時，資源必須符合價值、稀有性、難以模仿性及不可替代性等四項標準，以作為持續性競爭優勢的關鍵要素。本研究據此架構規劃策略面向，涵蓋資源識別與分類、資源評估與價值創造、資源配置與整合、資源更新與擴展、資源保護與永續發展等五大構面。進一步整合國家圖書館在發展電子資源之七個面向，成為本研究架構。這七個面向涵蓋：電子資源發展政策、電子資源送存政策、電子資源徵集計畫、網站資源典藏政策、館藏數位化政策、數位館藏保存政策及國家圖書館之於全國電子資源發展中的作用。研究方法採用文獻分析法、個案研究法、深度訪談法，以國家圖書館與美國國會圖書館為研究對象，探討兩館在電子資源館藏發展過程中，如何透過資源重組與能力更新機制，強化電子資源館藏之永續發展；及面對外部環境與技術變遷時，兩館如何透過資源重組與能力更新機制，強化電子資源館藏之永續發展。

研究發現，在資源識別與分類之構面中，國家圖書館已由數量盤點轉向為價值排序，且圖書館的無形資源及隱性知識亦是國圖核心能力之一；在資源評估與價值創造之構面中，圖書館由補齊館藏走向服務流程；在資源配置與整合之構面中，圖書館在在有限資源中進行動態調配，擴大資源配置的效能；在資源更新與擴展之構面中，圖書館為確保電子資源不隨時間而失去作用，而進行汰換技術的長期管理；在資源保護與永續發展之構面中，圖書館以穩健為主，導入之保存系統以本地端進行管理，並以異地備援降低災害風險。本研究貢獻在於以資源基礎觀點，建構國家級圖書館於電子資源館藏發展之理論架構，提出圖書館的核心能力除了館藏資源的數量及種類外，更應著重於將法規、經費、人力及技術，進行動態調配及更新。其對於非營利組織的資源管理應具有若干啟示意義。未來可進一步擴展延伸比較不同法域或區域型國家圖書館，並納入使用者觀點與數位行為分析，深化服務導向資源評估模式，且鼓勵從系統理論、平台治理、資訊生態學等跨領域視角進行後續研究。

The proliferation of electronic resources, driven by advances in computing, networked technologies, and digital publishing, has fundamentally transformed library collections and collection development. As the use of electronic resources has grown relative to traditional collections, libraries have increasingly allocated financial and organizational resources toward their acquisition, management, preservation, and provision. This transformation requires libraries to reassess how resources are identified, evaluated, allocated, renewed, and protected in order to respond effectively to user needs and sustain service value.

Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV), this study examines how national libraries mobilize internally controlled resources and organizational capabilities in developing sustainable electronic resource collections while responding to changes in their external and technological environments. The analytical framework comprises five strategic dimensions: Resource Identification and Classification, Resource Evaluation and Value Creation, Resource Allocation and Integration, Resource Renewal and Development, and Resource Protection and Sustainability. These dimensions are integrated with seven aspects of electronic resource development in national libraries: Electronic Resource Collection Development Policy, Electronic Legal Deposit Policy, Electronic Resource Acquisition and Collection Programs, Web Archiving Policy, Collection Digitization Policy, Digital Preservation Policy, and the Role of National Libraries in Nationwide Electronic Resource Development. The study employed document analysis and a comparative case-study design supplemented by in-depth interviews, focusing on the National Central Library of Taiwan and the Library of Congress of the United States. It investigates how resource reconfiguration and capability renewal contribute to the sustainable development of electronic resource collections and enable national libraries to respond to environmental and technological change.

The findings reveal several important transformations in national-library resource management. Resource identification has shifted from inventory-oriented assessment toward value-based resource prioritization, with intangible resources and tacit organizational knowledge constituting important elements of institutional capability. Resource evaluation has moved beyond collection-gap filling toward service-oriented value creation. Resource allocation increasingly involves the dynamic reconfiguration of constrained financial, human, regulatory, and technological resources. Resource renewal entails the long-term management of technological change to mitigate obsolescence and maintain the continued accessibility of electronic resources. Resource protection, meanwhile, emphasizes institutional resilience through locally managed preservation infrastructures and geographically distributed backup arrangements.

This study contributes to the literature by developing an RBV-informed framework for understanding electronic resource collection development in national libraries. It demonstrates that the core capabilities of national libraries reside not merely in the quantity or diversity of their collections but in their capacity to dynamically configure and renew regulatory, financial, human, and technological resources. The framework further extends resource-based reasoning to resource management in nonprofit and public-sector organizations. Future research may broaden the comparative scope across jurisdictions and regions, incorporate user perspectives and digital behavioral data, further develop service-oriented resource evaluation models, and explore complementary theoretical perspectives including systems theory, platform governance, and information ecology.

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