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研究生: 彭鈺展
Peng, Yu-Chan
論文名稱: 解析越南如何回應中國的「人類命運共同體」倡議
A Scrutiny of Vietnam’s responses to China’s Initiative of “Community with a Shared Future for Mankind”
指導教授: 楊昊
口試委員: 陳琮淵
孫采薇
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際事務學院 - 東亞研究所
Graduate Institute of East Asian Studies
論文出版年: 2026
畢業學年度: 114
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 124
中文關鍵詞: 人類命運共同體中越命運共同體越中共享未來共同體選擇性接受避險
外文關鍵詞: Community with a Shared Future for Mankind, China–Vietnam Community with a Shared Future, Vietnam–China Community with a Shared Future, Selective acceptance, Hedging
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  • 本文旨在解析中國「人類命運共同體」倡議的建構與對外輸出,並以越南回應「中越命運共同體」為個案,探討權力不對稱下較小國家如何回應大國提出的秩序倡議。本文採解釋型研究與文本分析,蒐集中越官方文件、聯合聲明、學術研究及媒體資料,並結合權力不對稱、避險、民族主義與領導人研究進行分析。
    筆者發現中國透過官方提出、權威固化、學術增厚、制度嵌入、議題擴散與空間外推,逐步將「人類命運共同體」由政治概念轉化為對外秩序倡議,並延伸至中越雙邊關係。中國自2015年提出「中越命運共同體」,越南至2023年始正式回應,並於2024年至2026年間持續深化。然而越南並未全面接受中國賦予該倡議的政治意涵,而以「越中共享未來共同體」重新表述,並持續強調獨立自主、多邊化、主權完整及國際法。
    本文進一步發現,越南依利益重要性採取差異化回應。對政權安全、領土主權、外交自主及國家能力等核心利益,採取了「合作但堅守基本底線」的原則。對經貿、人文及地方交流等邊緣利益,則積極擴大合作。同時越南推進與美國、日本、俄羅斯及印度等國關係,以維持外交與安全選項。本文據此主張,越南對中越命運共同體採取「選擇性接受」與「避險」,透過形式接受、語意轉譯、利益區分、主權設限及引入外部力量,在合作利益與戰略自主之間維持平衡。


    This study examines the construction and external promotion of China’s initiative of a “Community with a Shared Future for Mankind” and takes Vietnam’s response to the “China–Vietnam Community with a Shared Future” as a case study to explore how smaller states respond to order-building initiatives proposed by major powers under conditions of power asymmetry. Employing an explanatory research approach and textual analysis, this study draws on official Chinese and Vietnamese documents, joint statements, academic studies, and media materials, while incorporating perspectives on power asymmetry, hedging, nationalism, and leadership studies.
    The study finds that China has gradually transformed the “Community with a Shared Future for Mankind” from a political concept into an external order-building initiative through official articulation, authoritative consolidation, academic elaboration, institutional embedding, issue expansion, and spatial extension, subsequently extending the concept to China–Vietnam bilateral relations. China first proposed the “China–Vietnam Community with a Shared Future” in 2015, while Vietnam did not formally respond until 2023, after which the framework continued to deepen from 2024 to 2026. However, Vietnam has not fully accepted the political implications that China assigns to the initiative. Instead, it has reformulated the concept as a “Vietnam–China Community with a Shared Future” while continuing to emphasize independence and self-reliance, multilateralization, territorial sovereignty, and international law.
    The study further finds that Vietnam adopts differentiated responses according to the importance of its interests. With regard to core interests—including regime security, territorial sovereignty, diplomatic autonomy, and state capacity—Vietnam follows the principle of “cooperation while firmly upholding fundamental bottom lines.” In areas of peripheral interest, such as trade and economic relations, people-to-people exchanges, and subnational cooperation, Vietnam has actively expanded cooperation. At the same time, Vietnam has strengthened its relations with the United States, Japan, Russia, and India in order to preserve its diplomatic and security options.
    Based on these findings, this study argues that Vietnam has adopted a strategy of “selective acceptance” and “hedging” toward the China–Vietnam Community with a Shared Future. Through formal acceptance, semantic translation, differentiation of interests, sovereignty-based constraints, and the introduction of external powers, Vietnam seeks to maintain a balance between the benefits of cooperation and strategic autonomy.

    第壹章 緒論 1
    第一節 研究背景 2
    第二節 研究動機 3
    第三節 問題意識 4
    第四節 研究方法、範圍與限制 8
    一、 文獻分析法 8
    二、 中國—東南亞諸國命運共同體座標 9
    三、 光譜化的中越命運共同體象限 10
    四、 研究範圍與限制 13
    第貳章 文獻回顧 15
    第一節 中國—越南關係史回顧 15
    第二節 地緣政治與權力不對稱結構理論 17
    第三節 避險理論 21
    第四節 越南民族主義研究 25
    第五節 越南領導人研究 28
    第參章 中國「人類命運共同體」的話語建構 32
    第一節 什麼是「人類命運共同體」的政治理念 32
    第二節 中國學界論「人類命運共同體」 37
    一、 思想面:從馬克思主義到中國特色思想 37
    二、 論述面:中國理論與中國話語輸出 38
    三、 制度面:規則創制與實踐 40
    四、 價值面:新型全球治理觀念推廣 41
    五、 知識面:學界理論的創新 43
    第三節 外界論人類命運共同體 44
    一、 台灣學界觀點 44
    二、 國際學界觀點 45
    第四節 中國人類命運共同體話語輸出模型 46
    第肆章 從人類命運共同體到中越命運共同體:倡議形成與中越認知差異 49
    第一節 中越命運共同體的演進(2015-2026) 50
    一、 2015年:中國初步提出中越命運共同體 50
    二、 2023年:越南首度正面回應中越共同體 51
    三、 2024年:越南領導人更替下的政治承認 52
    四、 2025年:中越命運共同體合作深化與具體化 53
    五、 2026年:中越共同體層級的再度升級 54
    第二節 中越雙方如何理解中越命運共同體:認知與差異 55
    一、 中國的觀點:理解與期待 56
    二、 越南的觀點:說明與限制 59
    三、 各界的認知與差異 65
    第三節 越南外部因素:中越權力不對稱與越南避險策略 67
    一、 中越權力不對稱與防火牆策略 68
    二、 避險策略 69
    第四節 越南內部因素:民族主義兩面刃與領導人選擇 70
    一、 越南民族主義的兩面刃 71
    二、 越共集體領導體制與精英共識 72
    三、 蘇林時期權力整合初探 73
    第五節 小結:中越認知差異與越南選擇性接受策略 74
    第伍章 越南對於中越命運共同體的選擇性回應:核心利益與邊緣利益、外部力量的引入 75
    第一節 越南核心利益 76
    第二節 越南邊緣利益 78
    第三節 外部力量的引入 81
    第四節 小結 85
    第陸章 結論 87
    第一節 研究發現 88
    一、 人類命運共同體的建構與內涵 88
    二、 中越命運共同體的演進與認知差異 88
    三、 越南回應中越命運共同體的內外部因素 89
    四、 越南的選擇性接受與避險策略 90
    五、 小結 91
    第二節 研究限制 92
    第三節 未來展望 92
    參考文獻 94
    附錄 113
    附表1中國—東南亞諸國(組織)命運共同體整理 113
    附表2 習近平「人類命運共同體」歷年講話年表 116
    附表3 2026年中越命運共同體32項備忘錄分析 120

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    譚文華(2019)。〈論習近平生態文明思想的基本內涵及時代價值〉。《社會主義研究》,247,1-8。
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    龔柏華(2018)。〈「三共」原則是構建人類命運共同體的國際法基石〉。《東方法學》,2018(1),30-37。
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    英文部分
    專書
    Womack, B. (2016). Asymmetry and international relationships. Cambridge University Press.
    Womack, B. (2006). China and Vietnam: The politics of asymmetry. Cambridge University Press.
    專書論文
    Sang, H. T. (2025). In the Dragon's Shadow: How Has Vietnam's Selective “De-risking” Strategy Played Out?. In Unpacking" De-risking" China in the Indo-Pacific Region (pp. 167-185). Routledge.
    Yang, A. H. (2013). China-Vietnam Relational Asymmetries. Power in a Changing World Economy: Lessons from East Asia, 125-143.
    期刊文章
    Ahl, B. (2021). Chinese Positions on Global Constitutionalism, Community of Common Destiny for Mankind, and the Future of International Law. The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law, 9(3), 304–327.
    Bui, N. T. (2017). Managing anti-China nationalism in Vietnam: Evidence from the media during the 2014 oil rig crisis. The Pacific Review, 30(2), 169–187.
    BUNSKOEK, R., & SHIH, C. (2021). “Community of Common Destiny” as Post-Western Regionalism: Rethinking China’s Belt and Road Initiative from a Confucian Perspective. Uluslararası İlişkiler / International Relations, 18(70), 85–101.
    Chen, I. T. Y., & Yang, A. H. (2013). A harmonized Southeast Asia? Explanatory typologies of ASEAN countries’ strategies to the rise of China. The Pacific Review, 26(3), 265–288.
    Cheng-Chwee, K. (2008). The essence of hedging: Malaysia and Singapore's response to a rising China. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 30(2), 159–185.
    Chuvilov, I. A., & Malevich, J. I. (2022). Community with a shared future for mankind, and how this concept is related to the Belt and Road Initiative. Journal of the Belarusian State University. International Relations, (1), 43–50.
    Ciociari, J. D., & Weiss, J. C. (2012). The Sino-Vietnamese Standoff in the South China Sea. Geo. J. Int'l Aff., 13, 61.
    Giang, N. K. (2020). Succession politics and authoritarian resilience in Vietnam. Southeast Asian Affairs, 411–426.
    Khan, U., Wang, H., Cui, Z., Begum, A., Abdullah, M., & Han, H. (2022). The philosophical thought of Confucius and Mencius, and the concept of the community of a shared future for mankind. Sustainability, 14(16), 9854.
    Khanh, L. Q., & Trang, N. T. H. (2023). The concept of nationalism and its development in Vietnam. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(5), e484.
    Kuik, C. C. (2016). How do weaker states hedge? Unpacking ASEAN states’ alignment behavior towards China. Journal of Contemporary China, 25(100), 500–514.
    Kuik, C. C. (2021). Getting hedging right: A small-state perspective. China International Strategy Review, 3(2), 300–315.
    Kuik, C. C. (2024). Southeast Asian responses to US-China tech competition: Hedging and economy-security tradeoffs. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 29(3), 509–538.
    Le Hong, H. (2013). Vietnam's hedging strategy against China since normalization. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 333–368.
    Lina, W., & Kun, Z. (2016). China’s Policy Shifts on Southeast Asia: To Build a “Community of Common Destiny”. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 2(01), 81–100.
    Long, T. (2017). It’s not the size, it’s the relationship: From ‘small states’ to asymmetry. International Politics, 54(2), 144–160.
    Nathan, A. J., & Zhang, B. (2021). ‘A Shared Future for Mankind’: Rhetoric and Reality in Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping. Journal of Contemporary China, 31(133), 57–71.
    Pfetsch, F. R. (2011). Power in international negotiations: Symmetry and asymmetry. Négociations, 16(2), 39–56.
    Pham, H. N. (2018). Leadership and public sector reform in Vietnam.
    Phan, X. D. (2025). Vietnam’s hedging amid US-China Mekong rivalry: Risk management under uncertainties. The Pacific Review, 38(4), 646–674.
    Rosecrance, R. (2006). Power and International Relations: The Rise of China and Its Effects. International Studies Perspectives, 7(1), 31–35.
    Smith, S. N. (2018). Community of common destiny: China’s “new assertiveness” and the changing Asian order. International Journal, 73(3), 449–463.
    Thayer, C. A. (2022). Vietnam in 2021: Leadership transition, party-building and combating COVID-19. Southeast Asian Affairs, 2022(1), 375–391.
    Vu, V. H., Soong, J. J., & Nguyen, K. N. (2021). Vietnam’s perceptions and strategies toward China’s Belt and Road Initiative expansion: Hedging with resisting. The Chinese Economy, 54(1), 56–68.
    Vuving, A. L. (2017). The 2016 leadership change in Vietnam and its long-term implications. Southeast Asian Affairs, 421–435.
    Woodside, A. (1979). Nationalism and poverty in the breakdown of Sino-Vietnamese relations. Pacific Affairs, 52(3), 381–409.
    Zhang, D. (2018). The concept of ‘community of common destiny’ in China's diplomacy: Meaning, motives and implications. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 5(2), 196–207.
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    越文部分
    網路資料
    Báo điện tử chính phủ- Chính sách và cuộc sống(2023),'Sếu đầu đàn' Ấn Độ cam kết đầu tư 10 tỷ USD vào Việt Nam,〈https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/seu-dau-dan-an-do-cam-ket-dau-tu-10-ty-usd-vao-viet-nam-119230525153722536.htm 〉,檢索日期:2024/12/02。
    Báo Điện tử Chính phủ(2023),〈TOÀN VĂN: Tuyên bố chung nâng cấp quan hệ Việt Nam - Nhật Bản lên Đối tác Chiến lược toàn diện〉,https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-ve-viec-nang-cap-quan-he-viet-nam-nhat-ban-len-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-119231127212221484.htm (Accessed on August 20, 2026)
    Báo Điện tử Chính phủ(2023),〈VIỆT NAM-HOA KỲ THIẾT LẬP QUAN HỆ ĐỐI TÁC CHIẾN LƯỢC TOÀN DIỆN VÌ HÒA BÌNH, HỢP TÁC VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN BỀN VỮNG〉,https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/viet-nam-hoa-ky-thiet-lap-quan-he-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-vi-hoa-binh-hop-tac-va-phat-trien-ben-vung-119230910195323038.htm (Accessed on August 20, 2026)
    Báo điện tử chính phủ‧Thứ hai(2023),〈Bộ Ngoại giao nói rõ nội hàm 'Cộng đồng chia sẻ tương lai Việt Nam-Trung Quốc'〉,https://baochinhphu.vn/bo-ngoai-giao-noi-ro-noi-ham-cong-dong-chia-se-tuong-lai-viet-nam-trung-quoc-102231214175849866.htm,檢索日期:2024/12/02。
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    Báo điện tử chính phủ‧Xây dựng chính sách, pháp luật(2023),〈Xây dựng "Cộng đồng chia sẻ tương lai Việt Nam - Trung Quốc có ý nghĩa chiến lược" là dấu mốc lịch sử trọng đại〉,https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/xay-dung-cong-dong-chia-se-tuong-lai-viet-nam-trung-quoc-mang-y-nghia-chien-luoc-la-dau-moc-lich-su-trong-dai-119231213192702546.htm,檢索日期:2024/12/02。
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    Báo Quân đội nhân dân(2024),〈Đại sứ Hùng Ba: Mãi mãi không quên đóng góp của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng đối với quan hệ Việt Nam - Trung Quốc〉,https://www.qdnd.vn/chinh-tri/cac-van-de/dai-su-hung-ba-mai-mai-khong-quen-dong-gop-cua-tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-doi-voi-quan-he-viet-nam-trung-quoc-786177,檢索日期:2024/12/02。
    Báo Điện tử Chính phủ(2025),〈Tuyên bố chung Việt Nam - Trung Quốc về việc tiếp tục làm sâu sắc quan hệ Đối tác hợp tác chiến lược toàn diện, thúc đẩy xây dựng Cộng đồng chia sẻ tương lai Việt Nam - Trung Quốc có ý nghĩa chiến lược〉,https://baochinhphu.vn/tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc-ve-viec-tiep-tuc-lam-sau-sac-quan-he-doi-tac-hop-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-thuc-day-xay-dung-cong-dong-chia-se-tuong-lai-viet-nam-trung-quoc-co-y-nghia-chien-luoc-102250415164611109.htm (Accessed on August 20, 2026)
    Báo Điện tử Chính phủ(2026),〈TUYÊN BỐ CHUNG VỀ QUAN HỆ ĐỐI TÁC CHIẾN LƯỢC TOÀN DIỆN TĂNG CƯỜNG GIỮA CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM VÀ CỘNG HÒA ẤN ĐỘ〉,https://baochinhphu.vn/tuyen-bo-chung-ve-quan-he-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-tang-cuong-giua-cong-hoa-xa-hoi-chu-nghia-viet-nam-va-cong-hoa-an-do-10226050619204677.htm (Accessed on August 20, 2026)
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    Về Báo Quân đội nhân dân(2024),〈Những đóng góp quan trọng của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng vào đường lối đổi mới của Đảng〉,https://media.qdnd.vn/long-form/nhung-dong-gop-quan-trong-cua-tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-vao-duong-loi-doi-moi-cua-dang-59971,檢索日期:2024/12/02。
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