隨著數位科技快速發展，數位化已成為全球美術館與博物館的重要發展方向。數位技術不僅改變文化資產的保存與展示方式，也逐漸影響教育推廣、觀眾參與及組織治理模式。本研究旨在探討國內外美術館之數位策略與數位轉型趨勢，分析不同美術館在數位發展過程中的策略定位與轉型路徑。
本研究採用個案研究法，以國立故宮博物院、美國大都會藝術博物館及英國泰德美術館為研究對象，蒐集館方年報、官方網站、政策文件及相關學術文獻，並從數位典藏、數位教育、數位展示及社群媒體四個面向進行分析與比較。
研究結果顯示，三館雖皆積極推動數位發展，但其策略定位各有差異。故宮以典藏數位化、文化傳播及教育推廣為核心；大都會藝術博物館強調開放取用與知識共享；泰德美術館則將數位納入組織核心運作，強調跨部門整合、使用者參與及平台治理。研究進一步發現，美術館數位轉型呈現由「數位化（digitization）」、「數位擴散（digital access）」至「數位重構（digital transformation）」的階段性演進。數位典藏由保存導向轉向開放共享與知識治理；教育模式由知識傳遞轉向互動參與與共同創造；展示模式由實體空間延伸至平台化發展；觀眾角色亦由資訊接收者逐漸轉變為知識共同創作者。
本研究建構美術館數位策略比較架構與數位轉型三階段模型，補充現有研究較少整合數位典藏、教育、展示及社群媒體等面向進行分析之不足，並可作為未來文化機構推動數位轉型及制定數位策略之參考。

With the rapid advancement of digital technologies, digitalization has become a major development trend for museums and art museums worldwide. Digital technologies have not only transformed the ways cultural assets are preserved and exhibited, but have also reshaped educational outreach, audience engagement, and organizational governance. This study aims to explore the digital strategies and digital transformation trends of domestic and international art museums and to analyze their strategic orientations and transformation pathways in the digital era.
This study adopted a case study approach and selected the National Palace Museum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Tate as research cases. Data were collected from annual reports, official websites, policy documents, and relevant academic literature. The analysis focused on four dimensions: digital collections, digital education, digital exhibitions, and social media.
The findings reveal that although all three museums have actively promoted digital development, their strategic orientations differ significantly. The National Palace Museum emphasizes collection digitization, cultural dissemination, and educational outreach. The Metropolitan Museum of Art focuses on open access and knowledge sharing, while Tate integrates digital practices into its core organizational operations, highlighting cross-departmental collaboration, user participation, and platform governance. Furthermore, the study identifies a three-stage evolution of digital transformation in art museums, progressing from Digitization to Digital Access and ultimately to Digital Transformation. Digital collections have evolved from preservation-oriented practices toward open sharing and knowledge governance; educational models have shifted from knowledge transmission to interactive participation and co-creation; exhibition practices have expanded from physical spaces to platform-based experiences; and audiences have gradually transformed from information recipients into co-creators of knowledge.
This study proposes a comparative framework for analyzing digital strategies in art museums and develops a three-stage model of digital transformation. The findings contribute to the existing literature by integrating digital collections, education, exhibitions, and social media into a comprehensive analytical framework and may serve as a reference for cultural institutions seeking to formulate digital strategies and advance digital transformation initiatives.

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