本論文研究在後共轉型、保守主義抬頭和民主衰落的背景下，波蘭反性別論述的興起。本研究設計採用嵌入式混合方法，檢視了波蘭反性別論述的建構、傳播和強化方式，以及促成其存在的因素。此外，本研究也揭示了這種反性別論述對公眾輿論的影響，以及波蘭公眾如何塑造其關於性別平等、生育權和LGBTQ+ 社群相關議題的信念和觀念。
本研究的主要論點是，在波蘭反性別論述的興起與強化並非偶然現象，而是法律與正義黨（PiS）精心策劃的政治策略。PiS與天主教會和媒體合作，刻意建構、傳播和塑造關於性別的敘事，將其描繪成對波蘭民族、文化和傳統的生存威脅。本研究以本體不安全感的理論架構為切入點，闡述了性別議題如何被安全化，社會焦慮及其引發的不穩定性如何被營造，從而使PiS得以將自身定位為國族認同的捍衛者和傳統價值觀的傳承者，對抗性別這一外來威脅因素。
為了更精確地概念化這個過程，本論文提出了男性本土主義這個創新概念，它反映了當前波蘭本土主義政治基於性別和認同的特徵。男性本土主義強調波蘭本土主義的特定面向，即建構的國族認同建立在異性戀常規、父權制和排他性規範之上，這些規範既是本體安全感的來源，也是群眾動員的工具。
為了獲得實證證據，本研究結合了對政治文本、媒體文章和教會聲明的批判性話語分析，以及來自民意調查的量化結果，並透過將蒐集到的數據與往年既有的數據進行比對來觀察時間變化。研究結果表明，反性別論述已成為公共辯論的一部分，導致公眾對性別議題的政治化和意見兩極化加劇。儘管民眾表面上支持性別平等，但公眾態度僅表現出對性別議題的選擇性支持，反性別敘事在某種程度上根深蒂固，意見受到規範性因素的影響，受訪者的意識形態信念也發揮作用。本論文論證了波蘭的反性別論述是一種政治動員工具，它結合了關於認同、傳統和社會環境的爭論。本研究整合了性別研究、中東歐政治和政治傳播領域的研究成果，並深入探討了性別如何被用作政治工具。

The dissertation studies the emergence of anti-gender discourse in Poland in the context of post-communist transformation, growing conservatism and democratic decline. The research design of the nested mixed methods approach examines how anti-gender discourse in Poland is constructed, how it is spread and reinforced, and what factors contribute to its existence. Last but not least, this work also shows how was anti-gender discourse reflected in public opinion, beliefs and ideas about gender equality, reproductive rights and issues related to the LGBTQ+ community.
The main argument of this study is that the rise and strengthening of anti-gender discourse in the Polish environment is not a random phenomenon, but a deliberate and well-thought-out political strategy of the Law and Justice (PiS) party. PiS, in cooperation with the Catholic Church and the media, deliberately builds, disseminates and constructs narratives about gender as an existential threat to the Polish nation, culture and traditions. By setting it within the theoretical framework of ontological (in)security, the study describes how gender issues are securitized, how social anxiety and the subsequent sense of instability are cultivated, giving PiS a chance to position itself in the role of a protector of national identity and a continuer of traditional values, acting against an imported threatening factor such as gender.
For a more precise conceptualization of this process, the dissertation brings an innovative concept of masculinist nativism, which reflects the current character of Polish nativist politics based on gender and identity elements. Masculinist nativism emphasizes specific aspects of Polish nativism, where the constructed national identity is built on heteronormative, patriarchal and exclusive norms, which are a source of ontological security and a used tool for population mobilization.
To obtain empirical evidence, the study combines CDA-informed qualitative discourse analysis of political texts, media articles and church statements, together with quantitative findings from a public opinion survey, and observes time changes by comparing the collected data with available data from previous years. The findings identify that anti-gender discourse has become part of public debates, leading to a deeper politicization and polarization of public opinions on gender issues. Despite the apparent support for gender equality in the population, public attitudes show only selective support for gender issues and partial entrenchment of anti-gender narratives, normative loading of opinions and the resonance in respondents' ideological beliefs. The dissertation demonstrates that anti-gender discourse in Poland is a tool of political mobilization, combining disputes over identity, traditions, and social settings. The study integrates findings from gender studies, Central and Eastern European politics, and political communication, and provides detailed insight into how gender can be used as a tool for political purposes.

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