在本研究中，研究者選擇讓個體在有限的時間中，處理兩件工作。其中一

件工作是個人工作；另外一件工作，是團體工作。研究的主要目的有二：

第一，膫解個體在資源有限情況下，對於團體工作及個人工作的努力分配

。第二，是想探討「團體人際親疏度」與「團體目標設定方式」二變項，

是否會影響個體在上述情況下的努力分配。本研究的受試為１２６名政大

女學生，三人一組。其中互相熟識（親密組）與互不相識（疏遠組）各佔

一半。在受試來到實驗室之後，研究者將兩組受試隨機分派到無團體目標

組、參與式團體目標設定組或指派式團體目標設定組中。研究採用２ｘ３

（人際親疏：親密、疏遠；目標設定：無目標、參與式、指派式）的二因

子實驗設計，分別計量受試在「五分鐘工作時間」及「各時段」的團體、

個人工作表現各佔所有工作表現的百分比，並以問卷測量受試對於實驗處

理的一些主觀知覺。研究的結果發現：（一）整體受試者對個人工作努力

比率要比團體工作來的高。（二）親密組受試在團體工作的努力比率要比

疏遠組高。（三）參與式團體目標設定組與指派式團體目標組受試者在團

體工作上的努力比率要比無目標組來的高。（四）參與式團體目標設定組

與指派式團體目標設定組受試者在團體工作的努力比率上並無差異。（五

）團體目標設定與團體人際親疏之間並無交互作用。（六）各組受試者在

實驗過程中整體的反應趨勢及各時段的工作反應，會隨著進行的各階段有

所差異。最後本研究跟據實驗所得結果，討論研究結果的意義及啟示。

In this study, experimenter informed subjects to per- form two

tasks at the same time; one was individual task, the other was

group task. The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate

how subjects distributed their limited effort between group

tasks and indivi- dual tasks, and (2) investigate the effects

of inter- personal relationship (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and

goal setting condition (no group goal vs.assigned group goal

vs. participated group goal) on effort distribu- tion between

individual tasks and group tasks. It was found that (1)

subjects distrubuted more efforts to in- dividual tasks than

group tasks , and (2) familiar group subjects distributed more

effort to group tasks than unfamiliar group subjects, and

(3)assigned group goal and participated group goal subjects

distributed more efforts to group tasks than no group goal

subjects . The implication of these findings for goal setting

theory and interpersonal theory was discussed.

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