2021年2月1日，緬甸國防軍（Tatmadaw）發動政變，推翻由全國民主聯盟（NLD）主導的民選政府，終結了自2011年以來持續十年的有限民主化進程。政變不僅是緬甸政治史上的重大轉折，更引發了一場規模空前的全國性公民社會抵抗運動，涵蓋公民不服從（CDM）、青年數位行動主義、人民防衛隊（PDFs）武裝抵抗，乃至跨國倡議網絡的廣泛動員，深刻重塑了緬甸公民社會影響政治的方式。本研究以「政變後公民社會影響政治方式之變遷」為核心問題，聚焦三個研究問題：其一，政變前緬甸公民社會如何在有限民主化結構下影響政治？其二，2021年政變是否構成公民社會影響方式的根本性轉折點？其三，若存在顯著轉型，其成因能否由政治機會結構收縮、資源動員調整或跨國倡議網絡擴張加以解釋？研究發現，政變前緬甸公民社會的影響模式可界定為「半制度化參與」：在「不穩定的有限開放結構」下，以制度內政策倡議為主、制度外社會壓力為輔，但軍方的「制度性否決權」始終構成根本性制約。政變後，公民社會完成了系統性轉型，形成「去中心化網絡型複合抗爭」模式，呈現四大特點：（一）動員形式從周期性制度化行動轉為持久性複合型抵抗，涵蓋CDM、閃電示威、文化藝術行動與武裝抵抗；（二）組織結構從層級式正式NGO格局轉為去中心化非正式網絡，並發展出跨越實體邊界的跨國公民社會結構；（三）影響管道從制度內政策倡議轉向跨國倡議與數位動員，並在部分地區出現替代性治理；（四）訴求框架從「恢復民主選舉」轉向「建立聯邦民主聯邦」，反映了緬甸青年對少數族群歷史性壓迫的道德反思與包容性政治重建的新視野。

On February 1, 2021, the Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) staged a coup, overthrowing the democratically elected government led by the National League for Democracy (NLD) and ending a decade-long process of limited democratization that had begun in 2011. The coup was not only a major turning point in Myanmar's political history but also triggered an unprecedented nationwide civil society resistance movement, encompassing civil disobedience (CDM), youth digital activism, armed resistance by the People's Defense Forces (PDFs), and the widespread mobilization of transnational advocacy networks, profoundly reshaping how Myanmar's civil society influences politics. This study focuses on the core issue of "the transformation of how civil society influences politics after the coup," addressing three key questions: First, how did Myanmar's civil society influence politics under a limited democratization structure before the coup? Second, did the 2021 coup constitute a fundamental turning point in the way civil society influences politics? Third, if a significant transformation occurred, can its causes be explained by the contraction of political opportunity structures, adjustments in resource mobilization, or the expansion of transnational advocacy networks? Research reveals that the influence pattern of Myanmar's civil society before the coup can be defined as "semi-institutionalized participation": under an "unstable, limited open structure," it was primarily driven by policy initiatives within the system, supplemented by social pressure from outside the system, but the military's "institutional veto power" always constituted a fundamental constraint. After the coup, civil society underwent a systemic transformation, forming a "decentralized network-based composite resistance" model, exhibiting four main characteristics: (1) Mobilization shifted from periodic institutionalized actions to persistent composite resistance, encompassing CDM, flash demonstrations, cultural and artistic actions, and armed resistance; (2) Organizational structure shifted from a hierarchical formal NGO structure to a decentralized informal network, developing a transnational civil society structure that transcends physical boundaries; (3) Influence channels shifted from policy initiatives within the system to transnational initiatives and digital mobilization, with alternative governance emerging in some areas; (4) The framework of demands shifted from "restoring democratic elections" to "establishing a federal democratic federation," reflecting a new vision of moral reflection and inclusive political reconstruction among Myanmar's youth regarding the historical oppression of ethnic minorities.

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（五）新聞報導與網路資源
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